Abstract: The present invention relates to the provision of salt-sensitive particles capable of improving the feeling of effects at the time of use of an oil agent to be blended in a cleaner or the like and a method for producing the same, and so on. The present invention provides the following [1] to [4]. [1] Salt-sensitive particles containing an oil agent having a solubility in 100 g of water of less than 1 g and an acid-modified polyvinyl alcohol, wherein the oil agent is dispersed in the salt-sensitive particles. [2] A cleaner containing the salt-sensitive particles as set forth in [1]. [3] A method for cleaning a skin, a hair, or a clothing, including using the cleaner as set forth in [2]. [4] A method for producing the salt-sensitive particles as set forth in [1], including a step of preparing an emulsion composition containing an oil agent having a solubility in 100 g of water of less than 1 g and an acid-modified polyvinyl alcohol; and a step of removing the water from the emulsion composition.

Abstract: In a subscriber circuit implementing the analog system, the 2B1Q system and the ping-pong system, a signal processing unit is divided into a signal output unit for outputting a signal for transmission and a bias unit for providing a voltage, the signal output unit being implemented by an amplifier unit characterized by a low withstand voltage and a broadband characteristic, and the bias unit is implemented by an amplifier unit characterized by a high withstand voltage and a narrowband characteristic.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for communication with no power feed in an exchange. (1) A calling subscriber unit transmits a special service code designating the disuse of a direct current loop together with the numeric information on the called subscriber unit to the exchange after formation of a direct current loop. (2) When the special service code is received, an on-hook transmission state in which the transmission and reception of an alternating current signal is possible between the subscriber line interface circuit and the calling subscriber unit even if no direct current loop is formed is established in the subscriber line interface circuit to which the calling subscriber unit which has transmitted the special service code is connected. (3) The calling subscriber unit disconnects the direct current loop, and the exchange maintains the speech path between the calling subscriber unit and the called subscriber unit even after the direct current loop is disconnected.

Abstract: A two-wire termination impedance generation circuit of a subscriber circuit including differential amplifiers, which is provided with a network circuit including capacitors and resistors, an input point, and current sources, the capacitor being comprised of series connected first and second capacitors, the resistor being comprised of series connected first and second resistors and having a high band bypass capacitor connected at the intermediate connecting point of the same, and the resistor being comprised of a complex termination resistor forming an internal termination impedance and a series connected complex termination resistor and complex termination capacitor being connected directly to the telephone line as an external termination impedance, wherein the frequency characteristics can be improved in three ways.

Abstract: A ring trip deciding method in a ring trip circuit detects voltage change in the on-hook state and the on-hook state of a terminal when the terminal such as telephone set connected to the telephone line is called.

Abstract: A battery feed circuit supplies a feed current to a telephone set via a 2-wire telecommunication line formed of a TIP line and a RING line.

Abstract: A ring trip detection circuit detects an OFF-hooked state of a telephone receiver during ringing of a telephone set by detecting a change in a voltage across two terminals of a transmission resistor through which a ringing signal is supplied to the telephone set from a ringing signal source.

Abstract: An ISDN interface circuit is provided which is coupled to a terminal device via a transmission line and a reception line, the transmission line being formed of a pair of first and second wires, and the reception line being formed of a pair of third and fourth wires. The ISDN interface circuit includes a first resistor and a second resistor connected in series at a first node and between the first and second wires of the transmission line, and a third resistor and a fourth resistor connected in series at a second node and between the third and fourth wires of the reception line. The ISDN interface circuit also includes a D.C. power source connected to one of the first node, at which the first resistor and the second resistor are mutually connected in series and the second node, at which the third resistor and the fourth resistor are mutually connected in series. One of the first node and the second node, other than the above-mentioned one of the first node and the second node connected to the D.C.

Abstract: A hybrid circuit which converts receiving side four-wire signals from a switching network into two-wire signals, supplies the same through line B and line A to a telephone terminal equipment, and converts two-wire signals supplied from the telephone terminal equipment through the line A and the line B to the switching network into transmitting side four-wire signals, including a pair of battery feeding and terminating resistors connected between power sources (GND and V.sub.BB) and the line B and line A and a receiving side mirror circuit and transmitting side mirror circuit both connected between the lines B and A.

Abstract: In a ground fault detector for long distance subscriber lines accommodated in a small capacity digital electronic exchange, a DC/DC converter for power supply is stopped during detection of ground fault. Upon reception of the stop signal, the DC/DC converter converts the power supply voltage for the subscribers to a voltage as the system power supply of the exchange, namely to a low voltage before voltage conversion of the DC/DC converter. The battery feed circuit can maintain the alarm condition, even if a current flows continuously to the battery feed resistor due to a ground fault, until the ground fault is recovered by the maintenance person without breaking the resistor.

Abstract: An improved ring trip circuit for a subscriber telephone, for detecting an on-hook state or an off-hook state of the telephone. The ring trip circuit can be formed in a small size and can be formed by a LSI. The ring trip circuit includes a voltage detecting circuit (2), for detecting a voltage difference (.DELTA.V) between both ends of a ringer sending resistor, having a first circuit (S1, S2, A1.about.B3) converting the voltage difference to a current difference, and further having a second circuit (F) converting the current difference to a voltage, the voltage difference varying in response to the on-hook state or the off-hook state of the telephone, and a state detecting circuit (3) for detecting the on-hook state or the off-hook state in response to a value of the voltage from the voltage detecting circuit. The voltage detecting circuit is formed by a plurality of current mirror circuits, each of which includes at least two transistors.

Abstract: Disclosed is a terminating circuit in a battery feed circuit of an electronic exchange system. The battery feed circuit comprises two transconductance amplifiers connected by a coupling capacitor, for supplying a direct current through a ring terminal and a tip terminal to a load. Each of the transconductance amplifiers comprises an operational amplifier; a resistor connected between the output end of the operational amplifier and the tip terminal or the ring terminal, and an impedance unit connected between the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier and the output end. The impedance unit has an impedance determined in such a way that the required terminating impedance of the battery feed circuit when viewed from the tip terminal and the ring terminal is formed only by the internal elements including the impedance means and the resistor, whereby an external larger-size capacitance capacitor for matching becomes unnecessary.

Abstract: A battery feed circuit including a main battery feed part and its peripheral circuits provided in a line circuit of a switching system.

Abstract: An operational amplifier for producing an output signal representing the voltage differential between two input signals is powered by first, second and third power sources respectively having high, intermediate and low output voltage levels. A voltage buffer circuit, which is connected to the second power source, interconnects a constant current source, which is connected to the first power source, and an amplifier means, which is connected to the third power source, and separates the constant current source from the third power source. A differential amplifier in the amplifier means responds to the two input signals for producing a voltage differential output signal, and an output circuit connected between the second and third power sources receives the voltage differential output signal of the differential amplifier for producing the voltage differential output signal of the operational amplifier.

Abstract: A protection circuit for a battery feed circuit used in a switching system. The protection circuit is comprised of: a supervising circuit for detecting an abnormal current flowing through a battery feed resistor; and a voltage limiting circuit for clamping a voltage across the battery feed resistor when the abnormal current is detected. Further, a control circuit is employed for stopping an operational amplifier, which is a component of a conventional battery feed circuit, when the abnormal current is detected.

Abstract: A subscriber line interface circuit receives and twice inverts currents from a 2-wire subscriber line and returns the currents to the subscriber line so longitudinal input impedance is low. Any differential input current in the subscriber lines is bypassed by a capacitor, so differential input impedance is very high. The circuit also sends a signal current from one system having one ground to another system having a different ground through one current path, while sending another current, having a phase opposite and amplitude equal to the signal current, through another path. This effectively isolates the two systems having different grounds.

Abstract: A constant current circuit, including a constant current source which draws a current and a constant current source which sends a current, is connected to a two-wire subscriber line. A ringing signal made up of constant stream of positive and negative current signals is transmitted to the telephone line. The OFF-hook condition of a telephone set is detected by comparing the output voltage of a constant current circuit with a reference voltage for ring trip.

Abstract: In a calling signal transmitting apparatus, a ring trip equipment, including a ring trip detecting circuit for detecting a ring trip signal in response to an off-hook operation of the telephone set during a signal state of an intermittent ringing signal and a loop detecting circuit for detecting a loop signal in response to an off-hook operation of the telephone set during a nonsignal state of the intermittent ringing signal. Also included are a logical OR gate circuit, for providing, as a status signal, a logical sum of the ring trip signal and the loop signal, and a supervising circuit for supervising the status signal.

Abstract: A battery feed circuit for a subscriber line includes first and second feed circuit parts, each supplying a constant current to a corresponding subscriber line. The first and second feed circuit parts are provided with at least one of a common mode noise suppressor and a power source noise suppressor. The common mode noise suppressor includes first and second reference voltage output circuits and an intermediate voltage output circuit to produce the voltage between the first and second subscriber lines and superpose the same onto the first and second reference voltages. The power source noise suppressor functions to cancel the power source noise voltage at the output, of the first and second feed circuit parts.