Abstract: Provided is a start controller for an engine capable of reducing torque of a starter consumed to start the engine. The start controller includes a stop position sensor that detects a position of a piston in each cylinder at an engine stop time, an intake pressure sensor that detects an intake pressure in an intake passage, and a processor that determines whether the position of the piston in each of the cylinders detected by the stop position sensor is within a specified target range after the engine is stopped. In the case where it is determined that the position of the piston in each of the cylinders after the engine stop is out of the target range and the intake pressure detected by the intake pressure sensor is lower than an atmospheric pressure, the engine is started by a motor even when an engine start condition is not satisfied.

Abstract: An intake variable valve timing mechanism (VVT) that collectively changes an intake valve close timing as a close timing of a plurality of intake valves and a control device that controls an engine including a plurality of injectors and the intake VVT are provided. When a specified engine stop condition is satisfied, a fuel cut is performed to stop a fuel supply into a plurality of cylinders by the injector. After the fuel cut, the intake VVT is controlled such that a retarded amount of the intake valve close timing immediately before a stop of a stop-time compression stroke cylinder as a cylinder stopped in a compression stroke from intake bottom dead center is larger than a retarded amount of the intake valve close timing immediately before a stop of a stop-time expansion stroke cylinder as a cylinder stopped in an expansion stroke from the intake bottom dead center.

Abstract: Provided is a start controller for an engine capable of reducing torque of a starter consumed to start the engine. The start controller includes a stop position sensor that detects a position of a piston in each cylinder at an engine stop time, an intake pressure sensor that detects an intake pressure in an intake passage, and a processor that determines whether the position of the piston in each of the cylinders detected by the stop position sensor is within a specified target range after the engine is stopped. In the case where it is determined that the position of the piston in each of the cylinders after the engine stop is out of the target range and the intake pressure detected by the intake pressure sensor is lower than an atmospheric pressure, the engine is started by a motor even when an engine start condition is not satisfied.

Abstract: An intake variable valve timing mechanism (VVT) that collectively changes an intake valve close timing as a close timing of a plurality of intake valves and a control device that controls an engine including a plurality of injectors and the intake VVT are provided. When a specified engine stop condition is satisfied, a fuel cut is performed to stop a fuel supply into a plurality of cylinders by the injector. After the fuel cut, the intake VVT is controlled such that a retarded amount of the intake valve close timing immediately before a stop of a stop-time compression stroke cylinder as a cylinder stopped in a compression stroke from intake bottom dead center is larger than a retarded amount of the intake valve close timing immediately before a stop of a stop-time expansion stroke cylinder as a cylinder stopped in an expansion stroke from the intake bottom dead center.

Abstract: The control apparatus for a compression ignition type engine includes a plurality of cylinder inner pressure sensors that detect pressure in each cylinder, and a combustion control unit. The combustion control unit corrects a target fuel injection amount of each cylinder by an injector based on a deviation between a predicted combustion period that is a period from an ignition timing by an ignition plug to a predetermined mass combustion timing and that is obtained based on a preset combustion model, and an actual combustion period that is a period from the ignition timing by the ignition plug to an actual combustion timing and that is obtained based on cylinder inner pressure, such that the period from the ignition timing by the ignition plug to the predetermined mass combustion timing, which is the timing when fuel having a predetermined mass ratio combusts, is equalized in each cylinder.

Abstract: A combustion control device for an engine includes a plurality of cylinders, a surge tank disposed in an intake path to the cylinders, an independent intake passage connecting the surge tank and an intake port of each of the cylinders, a fuel injection valve that is disposed for each of the cylinders and that supplies fuel into each of the cylinders, and a control unit that controls a fuel injection amount of each of the fuel injection valves according to an engine operating state. The control unit corrects a target fuel injection amount of each of the cylinders, the target fuel injection amount being determined according to the engine operating state, based on a re-intake correction amount set in each of the cylinders according to a re-intake amount of intake air from the intake port in internal EGR in each of the cylinders.

Abstract: A control device for an engine is provided, which includes a combustion controlling module, and an ignition retard determining module configured to determine whether there is a request for an ignition retard for retarding an ignition timing of an ignition plug. When the controlling module controls the ignition plug and an injector so that the SPCCI combustion is performed and there is not the ignition retard request, the controlling module executes a control in which the entire fuel to be injected in one cycle is injected in an intake stroke and a jump-spark ignition is carried out at a basic ignition timing, and when there is the ignition retard request, the controlling module executes a control in which an injection is performed in an intake stroke, a portion of the entire fuel is injected in a compression stroke, and the ignition timing is retarded from the basic ignition timing.

Abstract: The control apparatus for a compression ignition type engine includes a plurality of cylinder inner pressure sensors that detect pressure in each cylinder, and a combustion control unit. The combustion control unit corrects a target fuel injection amount of each cylinder by an injector based on a deviation between a predicted combustion period that is a period from an ignition timing by an ignition plug to a predetermined mass combustion timing and that is obtained based on a preset combustion model, and an actual combustion period that is a period from the ignition timing by the ignition plug to an actual combustion timing and that is obtained based on cylinder inner pressure, such that the period from the ignition timing by the ignition plug to the predetermined mass combustion timing, which is the timing when fuel having a predetermined mass ratio combusts, is equalized in each cylinder.

Abstract: A combustion control device for an engine includes a plurality of cylinders, a surge tank disposed in an intake path to the cylinders, an independent intake passage connecting the surge tank and an intake port of each of the cylinders, a fuel injection valve that is disposed for each of the cylinders and that supplies fuel into each of the cylinders, and a control unit that controls a fuel injection amount of each of the fuel injection valves according to an engine operating state. The control unit corrects a target fuel injection amount of each of the cylinders, the target fuel injection amount being determined according to the engine operating state, based on a re-intake correction amount set in each of the cylinders according to a re-intake amount of intake air from the intake port in internal EGR in each of the cylinders.

Abstract: A control device for an engine is provided, which includes a combustion controlling module, and an ignition retard determining module configured to determine whether there is a request for an ignition retard for retarding an ignition timing of an ignition plug. When the controlling module controls the ignition plug and an injector so that the SPCCI combustion is performed and there is not the ignition retard request, the controlling module executes a control in which the entire fuel to be injected in one cycle is injected in an intake stroke and a jump-spark ignition is carried out at a basic ignition timing, and when there is the ignition retard request, the controlling module executes a control in which an injection is performed in an intake stroke, a portion of the entire fuel is injected in a compression stroke, and the ignition timing is retarded from the basic ignition timing.

Abstract: A NOx catalyst is provided on an exhaust passage of an engine. The NOx catalyst reduces the occluded NOx when an air-fuel ratio of exhaust gas is in the vicinity of a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio or in a richer state than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. Turbocharging is executed by turbochargers. In a low load region within the reduction execution region, a target air-fuel ratio is achieved, as required for NOx reduction, by air amount adjustment with an air amount control valve provided on an intake passage. Since a large amount of air is needed in the high load region within the reduction execution region, the target air-fuel ratio is achieved by air amount adjustment using turbocharging pressure control.

Abstract: An exhaust emission control system of an engine is provided, which includes a NOx catalyst disposed in an exhaust passage for storing NOx within exhaust gas when an air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is lean, and reducing the stored NOx when the air-fuel ratio is approximately stoichiometric or rich. A processor executes a NOx reduction controlling module for performing a NOx reduction control in which a fuel injector performs a post injection to control the air-fuel ratio to a target ratio, and an EGR controlling module for controlling an EGR valve to recirculate EGR gas. In the NOx reduction control, the EGR controlling module controls an opening of the EGR valve to a target opening smaller than when the NOx reduction control is not performed. The NOx reduction controlling module starts the control after the EGR valve opening is controlled to the target opening.

Abstract: A NOx catalyst is provided on an exhaust passage of an engine. The NOx catalyst reduces the occluded NOx when an air-fuel ratio of exhaust gas is in the vicinity of a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio or in a richer state than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. Turbocharging is executed by turbochargers. In a low load region within the reduction execution region, a target air-fuel ratio is achieved, as required for NOx reduction, by air amount adjustment with an air amount control valve provided on an intake passage. Since a large amount of air is needed in the high load region within the reduction execution region, the target air-fuel ratio is achieved by air amount adjustment using turbocharging pressure control.

Abstract: An exhaust emission control system of an engine is provided, which includes a NOx catalyst disposed in an exhaust passage for storing NOx within exhaust gas when an air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is lean, and reducing the stored NOx when the air-fuel ratio is approximately stoichiometric or rich. A processor executes a NOx reduction controlling module for performing a NOx reduction control in which a fuel injector performs a post injection to control the air-fuel ratio to a target ratio, and an EGR controlling module for controlling an EGR valve to recirculate EGR gas. In the NOx reduction control, the EGR controlling module controls an opening of the EGR valve to a target opening smaller than when the NOx reduction control is not performed. The NOx reduction controlling module starts the control after the EGR valve opening is controlled to the target opening.

Abstract: The present invention provides an autoantibody detection method that can detect an autoantibody causing an autoimmune disease with high accuracy. The autoantibody detection method of the present invention includes the steps of; causing a sample and an antigen reagent comprising a denatured protein presented by an MHC class II molecule to come into contact with each other; and detecting a complex of an autoantibody in the sample and the denatured protein in the antigen reagent. By detecting a complex of the autoantibody and the denatured protein in a biological specimen isolated from a subject according to this detection method, it is possible to test the possibility of the autoimmune disease in the subject from the detection result.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing water-absorbent resin particles suitable for use in absorbent article and the like, the water-absorbent resin particles having better water-absorbent performance, a suitable particle size, and a narrow particle-size distribution. A method for producing water-absorbent resin particles by reversed-phase suspension polymerization of a water-soluble ethylenic unsaturated monomer in a carrier fluid, wherein the method for producing water-absorbent resin particles comprises conducting the reversed-phase suspension polymerization reaction in the presence of an organic acid monoglyceride.

Abstract: The present invention provides an autoantibody detection method that can detect an autoantibody causing an autoimmune disease with high accuracy. The autoantibody detection method of the present invention includes the steps of; causing a sample and an antigen reagent comprising a denatured protein presented by an MHC class II molecule to come into contact with each other; and detecting a complex of an autoantibody in the sample and the denatured protein in the antigen reagent. By detecting a complex of the autoantibody and the denatured protein in a biological specimen isolated from a subject according to this detection method, it is possible to test the possibility of the autoimmune disease in the subject from the detection result.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for producing water-absorbent resin particles, comprising a polymerization step that includes mixing an oily liquid comprising a hydrocarbon dispersing medium and a surfactant, and an aqueous liquid comprising an aqueous solvent and a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer, forming a suspension comprising an oily liquid and an aqueous liquid dispersed in the oily liquid, and polymerizing the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the suspension. The HLB of the surfactant is 6 or greater, and the temperature of the suspension is kept at 35° C. or higher during the period from initial mixing of the oily liquid and aqueous liquid until complete mixing of the entire amounts.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing water-absorbent resin particles suitable for use in absorbent article and the like, the water-absorbent resin particles having better water-absorbent performance, a suitable particle size, and a narrow particle-size distribution. A method for producing water-absorbent resin particles by reversed-phase suspension polymerization of a water-soluble ethylenic unsaturated monomer in a carrier fluid, wherein the method for producing water-absorbent resin particles comprises conducting the reversed-phase suspension polymerization reaction in the presence of an organic acid monoglyceride.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation control device of an engine is provided. The device includes: an exhaust turbocharger having a turbine disposed in an exhaust passage and a compressor disposed in an intake passage; a low-pressure EGR passage connecting a part of the exhaust passage downstream of the turbine to a part of the intake passage upstream of the compressor; a low-pressure EGR valve disposed in the low-pressure EGR passage and for changing a cross-sectional area of the low-pressure EGR passage; an exhaust shutter valve disposed downstream of the connected part of the exhaust passage to the low-pressure EGR passage, and for changing a cross-sectional area of the exhaust passage; a valve control device for controlling openings of the low-pressure EGR valve and the exhaust shutter valve; and a gear range detector for detecting a gear range of a transmission of a vehicle in which the engine is installed.