Abstract: An input-output apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a lower-level layer interface connected to a field device, a higher-layer interface connected to a controller, a maintenance interface connected to a setting apparatus, a switch, and a control device. The switch switches between a first connection and a second connection. The control device, in an engineering mode, permits the switch to transition freely between the first connection and the second connection, and in an operation mode, controls the switch to switch to the first connection and prohibits communication through the maintenance interface.

Abstract: A system including an identification information determining section that determines device identification information unique to a delivery target network device to be connected to a network at a delivery destination, before delivery of the delivery target network device; an authentication information generating section that, before the delivery, generates device authentication information for authenticating the delivery target network device connected to the network at the delivery destination; an identification information transmitting section that, before the delivery, transmits the device identification information to a setting apparatus of the delivery target network device, to set the device identification information to be acquirable from a body or an accessory of the delivery target network device at the delivery destination; and an authentication information transmitting section that, before the delivery, transmits the device authentication information to the setting apparatus, to store the device au

Abstract: An input-output apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a lower-level layer interface connected to a field device, a higher-layer interface connected to a controller, a maintenance interface connected to a setting apparatus, a switch, and a control device. The switch switches between a first connection and a second connection. The control device, in an engineering mode, permits the switch to transition freely between the first connection and the second connection, and in an operation mode, controls the switch to switch to the first connection and prohibits communication through the maintenance interface.

Abstract: An input-output apparatus which is used in a process control system is provided. The input-output apparatus includes a first interface to which a lower-level apparatus is connected; a second interface to which a higher-level apparatus is connected; a third interface to which an external setting apparatus is connected; a switcher which switches between a connection of the second interface to the first interface and a connection of the third interface to the first interface; and a control device which, when in a first state in which the second interface is connected to the first interface by the switcher and the connection of the third interface to the first interface is permitted, controls the switcher to cause transitioning to a second state in which the third interface and the first interface are connected when a connection request to the first interface is input through the third interface.

Abstract: An input-output apparatus which is used in a process control system is provided. The input-output apparatus includes a first interface to which a lower-level apparatus is connected; a second interface to which a higher-level apparatus is connected; a third interface to which an external setting apparatus is connected; a switcher which switches between a connection of the second interface to the first interface and a connection of the third interface to the first interface; and a control device which, when in a first state in which the second interface is connected to the first interface by the switcher and the connection of the third interface to the first interface is permitted, controls the switcher to cause transitioning to a second state in which the third interface and the first interface are connected when a connection request to the first interface is input through the third interface.

Abstract: A process control system performing control of an industrial process implemented in a plant, may include: a network provided in the plant; a plurality of field devices connected to the network, each of the plurality of field devices is configured to perform at least one of measurement and actuation required for control of the industrial process; and a controller, connected to the network, having a virtual part configured to operate in hardware in place of hardware, and a control unit configured to operate in the virtual part and to control operations of the field devices via the network, the controller being configured to enable replacement of hardware without changing the control unit.

Abstract: A process control system performing control of an industrial process implemented in a plant, may include: a network provided in the plant; a plurality of field devices connected to the network, each of the plurality of field devices is configured to perform at least one of measurement and actuation required for control of the industrial process; and a controller, connected to the network, having a virtual part configured to operate in hardware in place of hardware, and a control unit configured to operate in the virtual part and to control operations of the field devices via the network, the controller being configured to enable replacement of hardware without changing the control unit.

Abstract: A function block used in another process control system is previously associated with an data item by taking the function block being as data on a same rank as the data item. A definition-information generating section previously generates definition information about the function block associated with the data item, depending upon OPC browse information. An information-processing executing section executes a predetermined information processing by use of the association and the definition information.

Abstract: A function block used in another process control system is previously associated with an data item by taking the function block being as data on a same rank as the data item. A definition-information generating section previously generates definition information about the function block associated with the data item, depending upon OPC browse information. An information-processing executing section executes a predetermined information processing by use of the association and the definition information.

Abstract: A mist generating apparatus having a casing that is divided into a storage chamber, a pump chamber, a waterwheel chamber and a mist chamber. The storage chamber is provided with a water storage tank having a heater, while the pump chamber is provided with a pump. A waterwheel located in the waterwheel chamber and a fan located in the mist chamber are provided around a rotating axis so as to rotate together, and then warm water in the water storage tank is sprayed onto the waterwheel by means of the pump, whereby mist is generated. The generated mist is guided to the mist chamber by means of the fan with warm air from a warm air generator and is discharged from an outlet.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a mist generating apparatus for enjoying a low-temperature sauna in a bathroom even when a bathtub does not have a water heating apparatus. A casing is divided into a storage chamber 4, a pump chamber 5, a waterwheel chamber 7 and a mist chamber 6. The storage chamber 4 is provided with a water storage tank 4a having a heater 4d, while the pump chamber 5 is provided with a pump 5a. A waterwheel 1 located in the waterwheel chamber 7 and a fan 2 located in the mist chamber 6 are provided around a rotating axis 3 so as to rotate together, and then warm water in the water storage tank 4a is sprayed to the waterwheel 1 by means of the pump 5, whereby mist is generated. The generated mist is guided to the mist chamber 6 by means of the fan 2 with warm air from a warm air generator 12 and is discharged from an outlet 6a.

Abstract: The invention provides a portable simple water purifier with simple operation and high motivation of use. A main unit A including an intake port 3 for sucking in raw water, which also serves as an ejection port for ejecting treated water, is used on tap water with residual chlorine, for which there are concerns regarding consumption. An attachment B is used for water of poor quality including suspended particles.