Abstract: A friction stir welding apparatus includes: a rotating shaft, on which a thread for friction stirring is formed; and a drive unit rotatably supporting the rotating shaft. A rotating shoulder configured to rotate together with the rotating shaft to generate frictional heat between the rotating shoulder and back surfaces of workpieces is fixed to a distal end of the rotating shaft. The rotating shoulder is pushed against the back surfaces of the workpieces by a pushing mechanism. A stationary shoulder penetrated by the rotating shaft and configured to hold the workpieces in a sandwiching manner together with the rotating shoulder is non-rotatably mounted to the drive unit or a member connected to the drive unit.

Abstract: A railcar includes a side sliding door and entrance peripheral-member surrounding the side entrance. The entrance peripheral-member includes a door pocket post in which outer and inner portions are inwardly of the outer portion in car-width direction coupled to each other. The side sliding door peripheral portion is pressed against an edge portion, extending along the side entrance of the entrance peripheral-member via a rubber seal at the side entrance closed state. In the side entrance open state, the side sliding door is pulled into a door pocket space facing the door pocket post inner portion. A portion projecting inwardly in car-width direction beyond the inner portion and including a tip end contacting the rubber seal provided at at least part of region constituted by portions of upper and lower edges of the side entrance peripheral-member and lateral edge at the edge portion door pocket post side of the entrance peripheral-member.

Abstract: A curved plate for a railcar bodyshell includes: a plate main body including an outer surface facing an outside of a railcar and an inner surface facing an inside of the railcar and the plate main body having a curved shape; and reinforcing ribs projecting from the inner surface of the plate main body toward the inside of the railcar. At least two of the plurality of the reinforcing ribs include machining reference surfaces formed on a same plane as reference surfaces used when machining an outer surface of the plate main body. At least one of the plurality of the reinforcing rib includes a mounting reference surface perpendicular to one of a rail direction, a sleeper direction, and a vertical direction as a reference surface used when mounting the curved plate to the railcar.

Abstract: A friction stir welding apparatus includes: a rotating shaft, on which a thread for friction stirring is formed; and a drive unit rotatably supporting the rotating shaft. A rotating shoulder configured to rotate together with the rotating shaft to generate frictional heat between the rotating shoulder and back surfaces of workpieces is fixed to a distal end of the rotating shaft. The rotating shoulder is pushed against the back surfaces of the workpieces by a pushing mechanism. A stationary shoulder penetrated by the rotating shaft and configured to hold the workpieces in a sandwiching manner together with the rotating shoulder is non-rotatably mounted to the drive unit or a member connected to the drive unit.

Abstract: A curved plate for a railcar bodyshell includes: a plate main body including an outer surface facing an outside of a railcar and an inner surface facing an inside of the railcar and the plate main body having a curved shape; and reinforcing ribs projecting from the inner surface of the plate main body toward the inside of the railcar. At least two of the plurality of the reinforcing ribs include machining reference surfaces formed on a same plane as reference surfaces used when machining an outer surface of the plate main body. At least one of the plurality of the reinforcing rib includes a mounting reference surface perpendicular to one of a rail direction, a sleeper direction, and a vertical direction as a reference surface used when mounting the curved plate to the railcar.

Abstract: A railcar includes a side sliding door and entrance peripheral-member surrounding the side entrance. The entrance peripheral-member includes a door pocket post in which outer and inner portions are inwardly of the outer portion in car-width direction coupled to each other. The side sliding door peripheral portion is pressed against an edge portion, extending along the side entrance of the entrance peripheral-member via a rubber seal at the side entrance closed state. In the side entrance open state, the side sliding door is pulled into a door pocket space facing the door pocket post inner portion. A portion projecting inwardly in car-width direction beyond the inner portion and including a tip end contacting the rubber seal provided at at least part of region constituted by portions of upper and lower edges of the side entrance peripheral-member and lateral edge at the edge portion door pocket post side of the entrance peripheral-member.