Abstract: An observation apparatus includes a display apparatus that displays a display pattern, a display projection optical system that projects a light beam from the display apparatus and forms an image of the display pattern, a combining optical element that combines a light beam from a sample and the light beam from the display apparatus, and an eyepiece optical system through which an image of the sample and an image of the display pattern are simultaneously observable by an observer. A numerical aperture (NA) of the light beam from the display apparatus is smaller than a maximum value and larger than a minimum value of an NA of the light beam from the sample, at a position of an image on an optical path that is formed after the light beams from the sample and the display apparatus are combined by the combining optical element.

Abstract: In an accident pattern determination apparatus including a storage storing attributes assigned to respective ones of a plurality of predefined traffic situations, an acquirer acquires, for each of vehicle-related accident cases, an accident pattern that is a combination of traffic situations in the accident case, from the plurality of predefined traffic situations. A determiner determines, for each accident pattern acquired by the acquirer, whether the accident pattern is an accident pattern of high accident risk or an accident pattern of low accident risk for specific vehicles, based on the accident patterns acquired for the respective accident cases and the attributes assigned to respective ones of the plurality of predefined traffic situations.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes a light source apparatus configured to cause light of a plurality of colors to be emitted at a first/second light amount ratio to generate first/second illumination light, an endoscope configured to generate an image pickup signal, and a processing apparatus including a processor. The processor causes the light source apparatus to emit light while switching light between the first/second illumination light, generates a first image signal from an image pickup signal related to the first illumination light, generates a second image signal from an image pickup signal related to the second illumination light and generates a corrected image signal in which color is enhanced based on the first and the second image signals. The second illumination light is light obtained by adjusting the second light amount ratio so that the second image signal related to a reference portion substantially indicates achromatic color.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes a light source apparatus, an illumination-light setting section capable of setting, as illumination light for illuminating an object including a biological tissue, first illumination light obtained by combining light in one or more wavelength bands selected from the light in plural wavelength bands and second illumination light obtained by combining light in one or more wavelength bands different from the first illumination light, selected out of the light in the plural wavelength bands, a light-source control section, and an image analyzing section configured to acquire an analysis result related to presence or absence of an abnormal finding. The illumination-light setting section sets, based on the analysis result of the image analyzing section for the first image acquired by the first illumination light, a combination of light in wavelength bands included in the second illumination light to be irradiated next.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes a light source apparatus configured to cause light of a plurality of colors to be emitted at a first/second light amount ratio to generate first/second illumination light, an endoscope configured to generate an image pickup signal, and a processing apparatus including a processor. The processor causes the light source apparatus to emit light while switching light between the first/second illumination light, generates a first image signal from an image pickup signal related to the first illumination light, generates a second image signal from an image pickup signal related to the second illumination light and generates a corrected image signal in which color is enhanced based on the first and the second image signals. The second illumination light is light obtained by adjusting the second light amount ratio so that the second image signal related to a reference portion substantially indicates achromatic color.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes a light source configured to generate violet light, blue light, green light, and red light, a filter switching mechanism configured to change a spectrum of the green light emitted from the light source, a light amount adjustment circuit configured to respectively adjust light amounts of lights in three colors, that is, the violet light, the blue light, and the red light, an image sensor configured to pick up an image of an object illuminated with the green light including the spectrum changed by the filter switching mechanism and the lights in the three colors respectively including the light amounts adjusted by the light amount adjustment circuit, and a highlighting processing circuit configured to subject an image obtained by image pickup of the object illuminated with the green light including the spectrum changed by the filter switching mechanism to highlighting processing.

Abstract: A wire includes a core wire and an insulation coating that covers an outer periphery of the core wire. The core wire includes a distal end region containing a distal end surface of the core wire, and a body region being a part other than the distal end region. The distal end region includes a first distal end region containing the distal end surface, and a second distal end region located between the first distal end region and the body region. The insulation coating includes a distal end coating part that covers an outer periphery of the first distal end region in a tube shape, an insulation coating body that covers an outer periphery of the body region in a tube shape, a coating joint part that joins the distal end coating part and the insulation coating body together.

Abstract: In a light source apparatus for endoscope, when a light-emission amount of a second light source is less than or equal to a predetermined light-emission amount, a light source control circuit performs a first light-emission amount control of changing the light-emission amounts of the first to third light sources so as to allow a color balance to be maintained at a predetermined color balance. When the light-emission amount of the second light source is greater than the predetermined light-emission amount, the light source control circuit performs a second light-emission amount control of changing the light-emission amount of the third light source by a method different from the first light-emission amount control while changing the light-emission amounts of the first and second light sources by the same method as the first light-emission amount control so as to allow the color balance to be different from the predetermined color balance.

Abstract: A wire includes a core wire, an insulating coating that covers an outer periphery of a non-distal end region as a part of the core wire other than the distal end region, and a distal end seal part that is disposed separately from the insulating coating and seals the distal end part of the distal end region of the core wire. The core wire is exposed between the distal end seal part and the insulating coating. The distal end seal part includes a tubular distal end cover part that covers an outer periphery of the distal end part and a welded part that is crushed in an orthogonal direction orthogonal to a wire direction and is closed by welding.

Abstract: A binding beam includes a steel form having a bottom plate portion and a pair of side plate portions extending upward from both ends of the bottom plate portion and binding beam concrete placed in a groove portion configured by the bottom plate portion and the pair of side plate portions of the steel form.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes a light source apparatus, an illumination-light setting section capable of setting, as illumination light for illuminating an object including a biological tissue, first illumination light obtained by combining light in one or more wavelength bands selected from the light in plural wavelength bands and second illumination light obtained by combining light in one or more wavelength bands different from the first illumination light, selected out of the light in the plural wavelength bands, a light-source control section, and an image analyzing section configured to acquire an analysis result related to presence or absence of an abnormal finding. The illumination-light setting section sets, based on the analysis result of the image analyzing section for the first image acquired by the first illumination light, a combination of light in wavelength bands included in the second illumination light to be irradiated next.

Abstract: A processing device includes a processing circuit configurable according to a type of an endoscope, and a control circuit configured to detect a connection state of the endoscope, and measure a disconnection time from disconnection to reconnection. The control circuit is also configured to determine that currently and previously connected endoscopes are of the same type when the disconnection time is shorter than a predetermined time, reconfigure the processing circuit according to the type of the endoscope when it is determined that the currently and previously connected endoscopes are not of the same type, and not reconfigure the processing circuit when it is determined that the currently and previously connected endoscopes are of the same type.

Abstract: A wire includes a core wire and an insulation coating that covers an outer periphery of the core wire. The core wire includes a distal end region containing a distal end surface of the core wire, and a body region being a part other than the distal end region. The distal end region includes a first distal end region containing the distal end surface, and a second distal end region located between the first distal end region and the body region. The insulation coating includes a distal end coating part that covers an outer periphery of the first distal end region in a tube shape, an insulation coating body that covers an outer periphery of the body region in a tube shape, a coating joint part that joins the distal end coating part and the insulation coating body together.

Abstract: A control device to be applied to an internal combustion engine having a fuel reformation cylinder and an output cylinder, wherein the compression end gas temperature of the fuel reformation cylinder is adjusted by changing an EGR gas amount, an effective compression ratio, or a polytropic number according to an equivalence ratio in the fuel reformation cylinder so as to achieve a target concentration of a specific gas component in reformed fuel generated in the fuel reformation cylinder. The target concentration is defined according to a required engine power.

Abstract: In a light source apparatus for endoscope, when a light-emission amount of a second light source is less than or equal to a predetermined light-emission amount, a light source control circuit performs a first light-emission amount control of changing the light-emission amounts of the first to third light sources so as to allow a color balance to be maintained at a predetermined color balance. When the light-emission amount of the second light source is greater than the predetermined light-emission amount, the light source control circuit performs a second light-emission amount control of changing the light-emission amount of the third light source by a method different from the first light-emission amount control while changing the light-emission amounts of the first and second light sources by the same method as the first light-emission amount control so as to allow the color balance to be different from the predetermined color balance.

Abstract: A method of repairing an aortic valve includes, in a following order: an aortic wall incision step; an aortic valve forming step; and an aortic wall suturing step. In the aortic wall incision step, an aortic wall is cut so as to expose an aortic valve side in the inside of an aortic duct to an open atmosphere. In the aortic valve forming step, the aortic valve is formed by restricting a distance between commissures disposed adjacently to each other by placing a thread between the plurality of commissures disposed adjacently to each other. In the aortic wall suturing step, the aortic wall cut in the aortic wall incision step is sutured so as to close the aortic wall.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes: an endoscope having an image sensor configured to image an inside of a subject; a processor configured to perform predetermined image processing on a video signal that is imaged by the image sensor; a storage that is provided in the endoscope, the storage being configured to store compressed data obtained by compressing data volume of first non-compressed data that is used for correction of an image imaged by the image sensor; a restoring circuit configured to read the compressed data from the storage to restore the compressed data to the first non-compressed data when data is transferred from the endoscope to the processor; and an image correcting circuit that is provided in the endoscope, the image correcting circuit being configured to correct the image imaged by the image sensor by using the first non-compressed data restored by the restoring circuit.

Abstract: A method of repairing an aortic valve includes, in a following order: an aortic wall incision step; an aortic valve forming step; and an aortic wall suturing step. In the aortic wall incision step, an aortic wall is cut so as to expose an aortic valve side in the inside of an aortic duct to an open atmosphere. In the aortic valve forming step, the aortic valve is formed by restricting a distance between commissures disposed adjacently to each other by placing a thread between the plurality of commissures disposed adjacently to each other. In the aortic wall suturing step, the aortic wall cut in the aortic wall incision step is sutured so as to close the aortic wall.

Abstract: A biological observation system includes: a light source apparatus configured to supply a first illuminating light, and a second illuminating light, while switching between the first illuminating light and the second illuminating light; an image pickup device configured to receive light from an object at each of a plurality of pixels having different sensitivities, and picks up an image; a color separation processing portion configured to separate, from respective color components, a color component obtained when an image of light of a predetermined wavelength band is picked up by a pixel having the greatest sensitivity to the light in the predetermined wavelength band; and a control portion configured to cause different processing to be performed between a case where an inputted image pickup signal corresponds to the first illuminating light and a case where an inputted image pickup signal corresponds to the second illuminating light.

Abstract: A wire includes a core wire, an insulating coating that covers an outer periphery of a non-distal end region as a part of the core wire other than the distal end region, and a distal end seal part that is disposed separately from the insulating coating and seals the distal end part of the distal end region of the core wire. The core wire is exposed between the distal end seal part and the insulating coating. The distal end seal part includes a tubular distal end cover part that covers an outer periphery of the distal end part and a welded part that is crushed in an orthogonal direction orthogonal to a wire direction and is closed by welding.