Abstract: Methods for performing directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymer (BCP) material on a substrate are disclosed. The BCP is disposed over a patterned neutral layer made from a random copolymer. The BCP is annealed with a laser to induce the directed self-assembly. The scan type may include single scan, multiple scan, or multiple scan with overlap. A variety of power settings and dwell times may be used within a single wafer to achieve multiple heating conditions within a single wafer.

Abstract: In a method for measuring a scattering medium, pulse light with a predetermined wavelength is made incident on a scattering medium which is a measurement object and a scattering medium for reference, the pulse light transmitted inside the scattering media is detected to acquire a light detection signal, the measurement waveform is acquired on the basis of the detected light detection signal, a parameter of a function showing the theoretical waveform of the measurement object is specified in such a manner that the result of convolution operation on the theoretical waveform of the measurement object and the measurement waveform of the reference is made equal to the result of convolution operation on the theoretical waveform of the reference and the measurement waveform of the measurement object, and calculation is made for the internal information of the scattering medium on the basis of the theoretical waveform shown by the function.

Abstract: There are provided a method for analyzing an aqueous ammonium carbamate solution whereby the composition of an unreacted-gas absorber outlet liquid can be specified in real time, and a method for operating an unreacted gas absorber by use of the same.

Abstract: A breast measurement apparatus comprises a receptacle for surrounding a breast; a plurality of optical fibers for irradiating the breast with examination light and detecting transmitted scattered light from the breast; an inner image generation unit for generating an optical CT image concerning the breast according to a detection signal of the transmitted scattered light; an ultrasonic probe, arranged so as to face the inside of the receptacle, for scanning the breast with an ultrasonic wave and receiving a reflected wave from the breast; an image generation unit for generating an ultrasonic image concerning the breast according to the reflected wave; and a mechanism for injecting and discharging a liquid interface agent into and from the inside of the receptacle.

Abstract: To detect a wavelength drift of laser light with no error, an optical transmission module (10) includes: a laser diode (20); a laser temperature calculation section (52) for detecting the temperature of the laser diode (20) that monotonously increases with respect to a wavelength of the laser light; a wavelength calculation section (44) for detecting a transmittance of the laser light incident on an etalon filter (36) whose transmittance periodically varies with respect to the wavelength of the incident light, and a laser wavelength corresponding to the transmittance; and a wavelength error obtaining section (54) for detecting a wavelength error (wavelength drift), from a target wavelength, of the laser light output from the laser diode (20), based on the temperature detected by the laser temperature calculation section (52) and the laser wavelength detected by the wavelength calculation section (44).

Abstract: There are provided a method for analyzing an aqueous ammonium carbamate solution whereby the composition of an unreacted-gas absorber outlet liquid can be specified in real time, and a method for operating an unreacted gas absorber by use of the same.

Abstract: Acquired is the internal information of a scattering medium more accurately and easily, with the influence of an instrumental function taken into account, even where noise is contained in a measurement waveform.

Abstract: To detect a wavelength drift of laser light with no error, an optical transmission module (10) includes: a laser diode (20); a laser temperature calculation section (52) for detecting the temperature of the laser diode (20) that monotonously increases with respect to a wavelength of the laser light; a wavelength calculation section (44) for detecting a transmittance of the laser light incident on an etalon filter (36) whose transmittance periodically varies with respect to the wavelength of the incident light, and a laser wavelength corresponding to the transmittance; and a wavelength error obtaining section (54) for detecting a wavelength error (wavelength drift), from a target wavelength, of the laser light output from the laser diode (20), based on the temperature detected by the laser temperature calculation section (52) and the laser wavelength detected by the wavelength calculation section (44).

Abstract: To provide a small-sized and reliable optical module in which a light emitting element and an optical function element respectively remarkably different in a coefficient of thermal expansion are mounted in the same casing, in the invention, the optical function element is mounted on the casing made of first material substantially equal in a coefficient of thermal expansion to the optical function element, a light emitting element unit including the light emitting element (for example, a thermoelectric module over which the light emitting element is mounted) is mounted on a member (base material) made of second material different from the first material and matched with the light emitting element unit in a coefficient of thermal expansion, and the member is, for example, embedded in the bottom of the casing.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical transmission module configured such that a driver IC chip to drive a semiconductor laser device, a first insulation plate having the semiconductor laser device mounted thereon and a coupling optical component are mounted in this order, a thin film inductor element and thin film resistor element which are connected in parallel are formed on a second insulation plate and a bias current is supplied to the semiconductor laser device via this LR element.

Abstract: Urea is prepared by reacting ammonia and carbon dioxide in an apparatus comprising a vertical condensation and synthesis column and a stripper, to provide a urea synthesis solution comprising urea, unreacted ammonia, unreacted carbon dioxide and water. The urea synthesis solution is transferred from the top of the vertical condensation and synthesis column to the top of a stripper. Carbon dioxide is introduced into the bottom of the stripper and contacted with the urea synthesis solution, thereby separating the unreacted ammonia and the unreacted carbon dioxide from the urea, and providing a mixed gas comprising ammonia, carbon dioxide and water. The mixed gas is transferred into the bottom of the vertical condensation and synthesis column, where it is reacted with liquid ammonia injected into the bottom and a middle of the vertical condensation and synthesis column. The mixed gas and liquid ammonia are condensed and react to form urea.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compact, highly reliable optical module in which a light-emitting element and optical modulator element that differ from each other in thermal expansion coefficient are mounted in one casing. In the optical module having a differential thermal expansion coefficient less than 5×10?6 [1/K] between the light-emitting element and the casing, and a differential thermal expansion coefficient of at least 5×10?6 [1/K] between the optical modulator element and the casing, a section at which the optical modulator element and the casing are fixed is equal to or less than 10 mm wide in the direction of an optical axis.

Abstract: To provide a small-sized and reliable optical module in which a light emitting element and an optical function element respectively remarkably different in a coefficient of thermal expansion are mounted in the same casing, in the invention, the optical function element is mounted on the casing made of first material substantially equal in a coefficient of thermal expansion to the optical function element, a light emitting element unit including the light emitting element (for example, a thermoelectric module over which the light emitting element is mounted) is mounted on a member (base material) made of second material different from the first material and matched with the light emitting element unit in a coefficient of thermal expansion, and the member is, for example, embedded in the bottom of the casing.

Abstract: There is provided an optical module in which electrical wirings in a module package are simplified without increasing a manufacturing cost. A light emitting element is mounted on a substrate having electrical wirings therein. In the substrate, electrodes connected to the electrical wirings are formed at a side where the light emitting element is mounted. The light emitting element and the electrodes of one ends of the wirings are wire-bonded to each other and one ends of leads and the electrodes the other ends of the wirings are wire-bonded to each other.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compact, highly reliable optical module in which a light-emitting element and optical modulator element that differ from each other in thermal expansion coefficient are mounted in one casing. In the optical module having a differential thermal expansion coefficient less than 5×10?6 [1/K] between the light-emitting element and the casing, and a differential thermal expansion coefficient of at least 5×10?6 [1/K] between the optical modulator element and the casing, a section at which the optical modulator element and the casing are fixed is equal to or less than 10 mm wide in the direction of an optical axis.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical transmission module configured such that a driver IC chip to drive a semiconductor laser device, a first insulation plate having the semiconductor laser device mounted thereon and a coupling optical component are mounted in this order, a thin film inductor element and thin film resistor element which are connected in parallel are formed on a second insulation plate and a bias current is supplied to the semiconductor laser device via this LR element.

Abstract: To provide economical high-speed optical communications through an optical module a silicon substrate with a ball lens and semiconductor luminescence element mounted thereon, and a laser driver IC are provided. A silicon subassembly includes a silicon substrate with a pyramidal cavity etched into the substrate near its edge. A ball lens is precision-mounted in the pyramidal cavity by bonding it at multiple points. This provides a high-strength connection and a small, inexpensive silicon substrate. Also provided on the silicon substrate is a semiconductor luminescence element and a slit on the opposite side of the ball lens. The slit enables collimated light emitted from the ball lens to be optically coupled without being blocked or reflected by the substrate. The semiconductor luminescence element and its laser driver IC are placed in close proximity to each other, and ribbon wires are kept short (approximately 300 &mgr;m) to reduce signal line impedance mismatch for high-speed transmission.

Abstract: Individual plate members (W1, W2, W3, W4, W5) that are different in plate thickness or material are joined together by mush seam welding to form hollow material (W, W′), and the rigidity is controlled in individual parts. By spinning the rigidity material (W, W′), a junction (1b) and a cone (1c) are formed in an optimum shape, and a hollow member (1) is manufactured. Thus, the hollow member (1) smooth in juntion and high in welding strength is obtained in spite of thin plate material. When this hollow member (1) is used in a catalyst container, the sealing performance is excellent without being accompanied by an increase in radiant noise or an increase in weight.

Abstract: Urea is prepared by reacting ammonia and carbon dioxide in an apparatus comprising a vertical condensation and synthesis column and a stripper, to provide a urea synthesis solution comprising urea, unreacted ammonia, unreacted carbon dioxide and water. The urea synthesis solution is transferred from the top of the vertical condensation and synthesis column to the top of a stripper. Carbon dioxide is introduced into the bottom of the stripper and contacted with the urea synthesis solution, thereby separating the unreacted ammonia and the unreacted carbon dioxide from the urea, and providing a mixed gas comprising ammonia, carbon dioxide and water. The mixed gas is transferred into the bottom of the vertical condensation and synthesis column, where it is reacted with liquid ammonia injected into the bottom and a middle of the vertical condensation and synthesis column. The mixed gas and liquid ammonia are condensed and react to form urea.

Abstract: Urea is prepared by reacting ammonia and carbon dioxide in an apparatus comprising a vertical condensation and synthesis column and a stripper, to provide a urea synthesis solution comprising urea, unreacted ammonia, unreacted carbon dioxide and water. The urea synthesis solution is transferred from the top of the vertical condensation and synthesis column to the top of a stripper. Carbon dioxide is introduced into the bottom of the stripper and contacted with the urea synthesis solution, thereby separating the unreacted ammonia and the unreacted carbon dioxide from the urea, and providing a mixed gas comprising ammonia, carbon dioxide and water. The mixed gas is transferred into the bottom of the vertical condensation and synthesis column, where it is reacted with liquid ammonia injected into the bottom and a middle of the vertical condensation and synthesis column.