Abstract: A prosthetic anal sphincter is described which is implantable around the upper anal canal to reproduce the action of the sphincter muscles which maintain continence. This is achieved by inflating a tube with liquid from a reservoir and creating an angle of about 90.degree. between the rectum and the anal canal and by flattening the upper anal canal by squeezing the posterior wall of anal canal against the anterior wall.

Abstract: In a cigarette filter rod manufacturing plant at least one tow bale (6; 108) is located in a position remote from the corresponding tow opening machine (2; 100) and a conveying system (10; 112) is provided for transporting the tow to the machine. In a preferred arrangement the conveying system comprises a pneumatic duct (10) in which the tow is conveyed with the assistance of air movers (12). Removing the tow bales from the vicinity of the machines, preferably to a common area, allows flexibility in laying out a production floor and provides easy access for replacement of the bales.