Abstract: A process which comprises (A) combining (i) glycerol, erythritol, arabitol, xylitol, sorbitol, dulcitol, mannitol, inositol, a monosaccharide, or a disaccharide, (ii) water and (iii) lactic acid, glycolic acid, malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, saccharic acid, gluconic acid, glyceric acid or mandelic acid to provide an aqueous solution of the polyol and the .alpha.-hydroxy carboxylic acid, and (B) then at an alkaline pH of 10 or less reacting the solution with a tetravalent titanium compound of an inorganic acid at an .alpha.-hydroxy carboxylic acid:titanium mol ratio between about 0.5:1 and about 4:1 and a polyol:titanium mol ratio between about 0.25:1 and about 2:1.

Abstract: Water-soluble chelates represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is H or alkyl (1-12C) and M is Ti or Zr. The above chelates can be prepared by reacting a Ti or Zr halide or alkoxide with between 1 & 2 molar equivalents of N,N-bix-(2-hydroxyethyl)-glycine, and used as cross-linking agents in hydraulic fracturing fluids and in gels that are used for selectively plugging permeable zones or leaks.

Abstract: A process which comprises (A) combining (i) glycerol, erythritol, arabitol, xylitol, sorbitol, dulcitol, mannitol, inositol, a monosaccharide, or a disaccharide, (ii) water and (iii) lactic acid, glycolic acid, malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, saccharic acid, gluconic acid, glyceric acid or mandelic acid to provide an aqueous solution of the polyol and the .alpha.-hydroxy carboxylic acid, and (B) then at an alkaline pH of 10 or less reacting the solution with a tetravalent titanium compound of an inorganic acid at an .alpha.-hydroxy carboxylic acid:titanium mol ratio between about 0.5:1 and about 4:1 and a polyol:titanium mol ratio between about 0.25:1 and about 2:1.

Abstract: Novel aqueous titanium compositions comprising mixtures of at least two titanium compounds, at least one of which effects cross-linking of hydroxyl-containing materials more rapidly than at least one other titanium compound; the use of such organic titanium compositions in a novel process for hydraulically fracturing oil- and/or gas-containing subterranean formations; and aqueous compositions useful in such a process.

Abstract: Water-soluble N,N-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-glycine/metal chelates represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is H or alkyl (1-12C); M is Ti or Zr; k is a number in the range between 0 and 1, p is a number in the range between 1 and 2, and k+p=2 (in particular embodiments: k=1 and p=1; k=0 and p=2; and k=0.5 and p=1.5). The chelates can be used as cross-linking agents in hydraulic fracturing fluids and in gels that are used for selectively plugging permeable zones in subterranean formations or for plugging subterranean leaks.

Abstract: Water-soluble N,N-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine/metal chelates represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is H or alkyl (1-12C); M is Ti or Zr; k is a number in the range between 0 and 1, p is a number in the range between 1 and 2, and k+p=2 (in particular embodiments: k=1 and p=1; k=0 and p=2; and k=0.5 and p=1.5). The chelates can be used as crosslinking agents in hydraulic fracturing fluids and in gels that are used for selectively plugging permeable zones in subterranean formations or for plugging subterranean leaks.

Abstract: A process which comprises combining a polyol, water and an .alpha.-hydroxy carboxylic acid, and then reacting that combination of materials with a tetravalent titanium compound of an inorganic acid at an acid:titanium mol ratio between about 1:1 and about 3:1 and a polyol:titanium mol ratio between about 0.25:1 and about 2:1, the products formed thereby and their use in fluid-fracturing subterranean oil- and gas-containing formations.

Abstract: Yellowing resistant, durable antistatic soil release agent: ##STR1## wherein X is an aminoplast resin moiety having amino nitrogen atoms and 4 to 6 methylene groups, each of which methylene groups is attached to an amino nitrogen atom;Y.sub.1 is O(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.5-20 R.sub.1 ;R.sub.1 is C.sub.1-5 alkyl;Y.sub.2 is O(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.5-88 R.sub.2 ;R.sub.2 is C.sub.6-20 alkyl;Y.sub.3 is ##STR2## R.sub.3 is C.sub.4-20 alkyl, C.sub.4-20 alkenyl or benzyl; R.sub.4 is C.sub.1-4 alkyl;A.sup..crclbar. is an organic or inorganic anion; each of a and b can be 0 to 2, provided that the sum of a and b is 1 to 2;c is 1 to 2;the sum of a, b and c is 2 to 4;each of m and n is at least 1 and the sum of m and n is 12 to 100;said agent having HLB of 14.5 to 18.0, Brookfield viscosity (20 weight % aqueous solution viscosity at 20.degree. C.) of 0.250 to 16.000 pascal seconds, electrical resistivity (Keithley Log R) on polyester fabric (20.+-.2% RH, 23.degree..+-.1.degree. C.) less than 13.00 initially and 14.

Abstract: Yellowing resistant, durable antistatic soil release agent: ##STR1## wherein X is resin moiety having amino nitrogens and 4 to 6 methylenes, each methylene being attached to amino nitrogen;Y.sub.1 is O(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.5-20 R.sub.1 ; R.sub.1 is C.sub.1-5 alkyl;Y.sub.2 is O(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.5-88 R.sub.2 ; R.sub.2 is C.sub.6-20 alkyl; ##STR2## R.sub.3 is C.sub.4-20 alkyl, C.sub.4-20 alkenyl or benzyl; R.sub.4 is C.sub.1-4 alkyl, A.crclbar. is anion, each of m and n is at least 1 and their sum is 12 to 100;each of a and b is 0 to 2 and their sum is 0 to 2;c is 1 to 2;a plus b plus c is 1 to 4;said agent having HLB of 14.5 to 18.0, Brookfield viscosity (20 weight % aqueous solution viscosity at 20.degree. C.) of 0.250 to 16.000 pascal seconds, electrical resistivity (Keithley Log R) on polyester fabric (20.+-.2% RH, 23.+-.1.degree. C.) less than 13.00 initially and 14.