Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing phenolformaldehyde foams, also known as phenolic foams, of improved properties. The inventive feature resides in using a controlled combination of the various components in the curing reaction mixture and in controlling the temperature within the mass of the curing mixture. The process is applicable to production of block or laminated foams. Phenolic foams find increasing use in building applications where their thermal insulation and fire resistant properties are of value.

Abstract: This invention relates to flame retardant phenol aldehyde foams which have a k value below 0.020 W/mk. The foams have as flame retardants a blend of a halosubstituted diphenyl oxide and an organic phosphorus compound. The feature of the invention is that unlike conventional flame retardants, the blend now used does not adversely affect the low k value i.e. the low thermal conductivity of the foam.

Abstract: A process for the fusion welding of nickel alloy steel members wherein a ferrite containing pellet is inserted into a cavity in one member and melted by a welding torch. The resulting weld nugget, a fusion of the nickel containing alloy from the members to be welded and the pellet, has a composition which is sufficiently low in nickel content such that ferrite phases occur within the weld nugget, resulting in improved weld properties. The steel alloys encompassed also include alloys containing carbon and manganese, considered nickel equivalents.