Abstract: A smartphone is optically coupled to an apparatus that can operate in multiple modes to perform transmission, reflectance, intensity, or scattered light spectroscopy on a sample provided, in an appropriately configured sample cartridge. The apparatus includes a first illumination optical path for illuminating the sample, with light from a light source, on the smartphone for transmission, reflectance, and scattered light spectroscopy. The apparatus also includes a second illumination optical path for illuminating the sample with light from a laser diode for intensity spectroscopy. The apparatus farther includes a collection optical path for collecting light from the sample in each of the modes. An image sensor on the smartphone receives the collected light via a diffraction grating to obtain a spectrum image. The first illumination optical path is substantially parallel to the collection optical path, whereas the second illumination optical path is substantially orthogonal to the collection path.

Abstract: A smartphone is optically coupled to an apparatus that can operate in multiple modes to perform transmission, reflectance, intensity, or scattered light spectroscopy on a sample provided, in an appropriately configured sample cartridge. The apparatus includes a first illumination optical path for illuminating the sample, with light from a light source, on the smartphone for transmission, reflectance, and scattered light spectroscopy. The apparatus also includes a second illumination optical path for illuminating the sample with light from a laser diode for intensity spectroscopy. The apparatus farther includes a collection optical path for collecting light from the sample in each of the modes. An image sensor on the smartphone receives the collected light via a diffraction grating to obtain a spectrum image. The first illumination optical path is substantially parallel to the collection optical path, whereas the second illumination optical path is substantially orthogonal to the collection path.

Abstract: A sanding tool includes a handle assembly with a support member and a head assembly that includes a sanding member that is rotatable relative to the handle assembly about a drive axis. The sanding tool also includes a pivot assembly that pivotably couples the head assembly to the support member of the handle assembly. The support member pivotably supports the pivot assembly, the drive axis extends through the pivot assembly, and the head assembly is pivotable about a plurality of different axes relative to the support member. The plurality of different axes includes an axis that is substantially aligned with the drive axis.

Abstract: A sanding tool includes a handle assembly with a support member and a head assembly that includes a sanding member that is rotatable relative to the handle assembly about a drive axis. The sanding tool also includes a pivot assembly that pivotably couples the head assembly to the support member of the handle assembly. The support member pivotably supports the pivot assembly, the drive axis extends through the pivot assembly, and the head assembly is pivotable about a plurality of different axes relative to the support member. The plurality of different axes includes an axis that is substantially aligned with the drive axis.

Abstract: A sanding tool includes a handle assembly and a head assembly having a sanding member. The sanding tool also includes at least one pivot member that pivotably couples the handle assembly and the head assembly such that the head assembly is pivotable about a plurality of different axes relative to the handle assembly.