Abstract: Exemplary embodiments contained herein relate to smokeless products containing one or more non-tobacco plant materials and methods of manufacture thereof. Exemplary embodiments are related to the method of manufacture of various chew products containing non-tobacco ingredients including plant material and a starch, a sweetener, natural and artificial flavors, a pH adjuster, solvent, salt, and liquid synthetic nicotine and methods of manufacture thereof. The liquid synthetic nicotine is provided at greater volumes compared to when liquid tobacco-derived nicotine is used due to the presence of both R nicotine isomers and S nicotine isomers present in the liquid synthetic nicotine.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments contained herein relate to smokeless products containing one or more non-tobacco plant materials and methods of manufacture thereof. Exemplary embodiments are related to the method of manufacture of various chew products containing non-tobacco ingredients including plant material and a starch, a sweetener, natural and artificial flavors, a pH adjuster, solvent, salt, and nicotine and methods of manufacture thereof.

Abstract: Neuroprotective compounds for reducing neurological damage due to cellular stress in an individual are of Formula 1: or an enantiomer, diastereomer, racemic mixture or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: Ar=aryl; Y=aryl substituent (ortho, meta, or para) selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, alkyloxy, alkylamino, R5R6N, and halo; X?O, N, or S; R?H, alkyl, aryl, OH, alkyloxy, aryloxy, NH2, alkylamino, R5R6N, or arylamino; R1 and R2=alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkyl, or H, individually; R3=arylCH?CH, alkylCH?CH, alkyl; R4?H, alkyl, or aryl; and R5 and R6=alkyl, individually. Methods of reducing neurological damage due to cellular stress in an individual include administering to the individual during or after the cellular stress a neuroprotective compound of Formula I in a therapeutically effective amount to restore synaptic function during or after the cellular stress.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments contained herein relate to smokeless products containing one or more non-tobacco plant materials and methods of manufacture thereof. Exemplary embodiments are related to the method of manufacture of various chew products containing non-tobacco ingredients including plant material and a starch, a sweetener, natural and artificial flavors, a pH adjuster, solvent, salt, and nicotine and methods of manufacture thereof.

Abstract: Neuroprotective compounds for reducing neurological damage due to cellular stress in an individual are of Formula 1: or an enantiomer, diastereomer, racemic mixture or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: Ar=aryl; Y=aryl substituent (ortho, meta, or para) selected from the group consisting of: alkyl, alkyloxy, alkylamino, R5R6N, and halo; X?O, N, or S; R?H, alkyl, aryl, OH, alkyloxy, aryloxy, NH2, alkylamino, R5R6N, or arylamino; R1 and R2=alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkyl, or H, individually; R3=arylCH?CH, alkylCH?CH, alkyl; R4?H, alkyl, or aryl; and R5 and R6=alkyl, individually. Methods of reducing neurological damage due to cellular stress in an individual include administering to the individual during or after the cellular stress a neuroprotective compound of Formula I in a therapeutically effective amount to restore synaptic function during or after the cellular stress.

Abstract: A method of labelling a target molecule forming part of a corona of molecules on a nanosized object is described. The method comprising the steps of incubating the nanosized object with a plurality of probes, in which the plurality of probes comprise small nanoparticles labelled with a recognition motif specific for the target molecule, separating the nanosized object and unbound probe. The invention also provides a method of determining the location or spatial distribution of a molecule forming part of a corona of molecules on the surface of a nanoparticle.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing one or both of neural anoxia and reperfusion injury, which includes a pharmacological activator of the PKG pathway, and methods of treating or preventing medical conditions using a pharmacological activator of the PKG pathway.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing one or both of neural anoxia and reperfusion injury, which includes a pharmacological activator of the PKG pathway, and methods of treating or preventing medical conditions using a pharmacological activator of the PKG pathway.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method for the isolation or removal of a cellular component from a cell that comprises the steps of applying a pulse of nanoparticles to the cell, allowing the nanoparticles to traffic through the cell for a period of time sufficient to allow the nanoparticles locate to and interact with the cellular component to be isolated, and separation of the nanoparticles and isolated cellular component from the cell.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing one or both of neural anoxia and reperfusion injury, which includes a pharmacological activator of the PKG pathway, and methods of treating or preventing medical conditions using a pharmacological activator of the PKG pathway.

Abstract: Neural thermoprotective compositions comprising a pharmacological inhibitor of the PKG pathway are described, as are methods of treating patients and providing neural thermoprotection with the same.

Abstract: Neural thermoprotective compositions comprising a pharmacological inhibitor of the PKG pathway are described, as are methods of treating patients and providing neural thermoprotection with the same.

Abstract: A therapeutic system for destroying a target cell within a host having a vascular compartment, the system comprising: (a) a compound comprising a target cell-specific portion and a portion which will convert a selected substantially non-cytotoxic substance into a cytotoxic substance; and (b) said substantially non-cytotoxic substance, wherein at least the said portion of compound (a) capable of said conversion is, following administration to the host, internalised into said target cell. Preferably, the portion which converts said substantially non-cytotoxic substance into a cytotoxic substance requires a factor which is present in sufficient concentration within the target cell for the said portion to effect conversion of said substantially non-cytotoxic substance into a cytotoxic substance and which factor is not present in sufficient concentration within the blood of the vascular compartment for the said portion to effect said conversion.

Abstract: A therapeutic system for destroying a target cell within a host having a vascular compartment, the system comprising: (a) a compound comprising a target cellspecific portion and a portion which will convert a selected substantially noncytotoxic substance into a cytotoxic substance, and (b) said substantially noncytotoxic substance, wherein at least the said portion of compound (a) capable of said conversion is, following administration to the host, internalised into said target cell. Preferably, the portion which converts said substantially noncytotoxic substance into a cytotoxic substance requires a factor which is present in sufficient concentration within the target cell for the said portion to effect conversion of said substantially noncytotoxic substance into a cytotoxic substance and which factor is not present in sufficient concentration within the blood of the vascular compartment for the said portion to effect said conversion.

Abstract: A three component therapeutic system that comprises (i) a first compound; (ii) a catalytic macromolecule which does not specifically bind to a tumour antigen, but which is capable, following administration to the vascular compartment of a mammal, of being taken up by a tumour in the mammal, and is capable of converting the first compound into a second compound; and (iii) an inhibitor which, following administration to the said vascular compartment, reduces the level of the said catalytic conversion activity in the vascular compartment.

Abstract: A compound comprises a target cell-specific portion, such as an antibody specific to tumor cell antigens, and an inactivating portion, such as an enzyme, capable of converting a substance which in its native state is able to inhibit the effect of a cytotoxic agent into a substance which has less effect against said cytotoxic agent. The prolonged action of a cytotoxic agent at tumor sites is therefore possible while protecting normal tissues from the effects of the cytotoxic agent.

Abstract: A compound comprises a target cell-specific portion, such as an antibody specific to tumor cell antigens, and an inactivating portion, such as an enzyme, capable of converting a substance which in its native state is able to inhibit the effect of a cytotoxic agent into a substance which has less effect against said cytotoxic agent. The prolonged action of a cytotoxic agent at tumor sites is therefore possible while protecting normal tissues from the effects of the cytotoxic agent.

Abstract: A compound comprises a target cell-specific portion, such as an antibody specific to tumour cell antigens, and an inactivating portion, such as an enzyme, capable of converting a substance which in its native state is able to inhibit the effect of a cytotoxic agent into a substance which has less effect against said cytotoxic agent. The prolonged action of a cytotoxic agent at tumour sites is therefore possible whilst protecting normal tissues from the effects of the cytotoxic agent.