Abstract: High fidelity, non-explosive training aids (simulants) which simulate the properties of the explosive composition 4 (C-4) are described. The materials of the training aid are formulated to simulate the appearance, manifest rheological properties (pliability, plasticity), density, and “feel” of the actual C-4 as well as simulate the combustion behavior of C-4 when subjected to the informal “flame test” used to identify the material in the field. Additionally, the materials give the same signature as actual C-4 when tested by portable detection equipment such as electronic trace detectors or color forming reagents. The materials also generate the same imagery as C-4 when subjected to X-ray analysis.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a device and method of analyzing trace amounts of perchlorate in liquid samples comprising a concentrator column used in an ion chromatographic system that comprises an anionic capacity ranging from about 0.030 microequivalents per column to about 0.060 microequivalents per column and capable of removing substantially all perchlorate from the sample and using a multi-directional flow through said concentrator column in order to enhance perchlorate detection. The invention also comprises a packing material comprising from about 25 percent to about 80 percent of a low anionic capacity material comprising an anionic capacity of less than about 0.03 milliequivalents per milliliter mixed with from about 25 percent to about 80 percent of a high anionic capacity material comprising a anionic capacity of more than about 0.07 milliequivalents per milliliter.