Abstract: An identification system including a device for locating land and construction survey traverse control points, other survey sites or any location marking the position of a place or thing comprised of a read only or read/write radio frequency transponder enclosed within a durable watertight container including a stake which may be driven into the earth, a read/write reader assembly and, a portable computer. The radio frequency transponder may be written to or read by a non-contacting radio frequency read/write reader assembly. The reader assembly connected to a portable computer through a data interface means such as RS232 or RS422/485. The stake or other container may be buried under any non-metallic material or otherwise not visible as long as it is within the operating range of the reader assembly. Each radio frequency transponder will have a unique identification code imprinted in its memory and, on the read/write transponders, may have additional information written into its memory.

Abstract: Apparatus for developing a latent electrostatic image on the image bearing surface of an imaging member using a liquid toner is characterized by a toning station having a toning member therein. The toning member has a conductive and a nonconductive element thereon. The nonconductive element is disposed upstream of the conductive element in the direction of movement along the path of travel of the image bearing surface through the toning station. The conductive element is connected to a bias voltage so that the image is toned first in the absence of a bias followed by toning in the presence of a bias voltage. Laminar toner flow is maintained in the direction of movement of the image bearing surface during the contact of the surface with the toner.