Abstract: In an example, a component analyzer can compute a respective part score for each part of the platform based on a part property table, and a respective connection score for each connection of the platform based on a connection property table. The component analyzer can provide the respective part and connection scores as score data to an architecture modeling engine to compute a probability model based on the score data and an architecture model. The probability model can include a part probability value and a connection probability value, and the architecture model can characterize a target architecture of the platform. A survivability analysis engine can evaluate the probability model and the architecture model to determine a likelihood that one or more potential cyber-attacks on the platform based on the target architecture are successful or unsuccessful in compromising at least one part of the platform.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an evaluation of system-of-systems (SoS) architectures for cyber vulnerabilities. In an example, architecture description data and component description data for an SoS can be received. Architecture definition file (ADF) data can be generated based on the architecture and component description data. A model of a target SoS architecture for the SoS can be generated based on the ADF data. The target SoS architecture for the SoS can be evaluated to identify potential cyber-attack vectors with respect to the target SoS architecture, and a probabilistic analysis of the potential cyber-attack vectors can be executed to compute a probability for each cyber-attack vector indicative of a likelihood that a respective cyber-attack results in a mission failure by the SoS based on the target SoS architecture. Display data can be generated for visualization on an output device that includes each identified potential cyber-attack vector and associated computed probability.

Abstract: An FDM printer that provides five degree-of-freedom printing capabilities. In one embodiment, the FDM printer includes three transitional drive devices that allow a printer print head to be translationally moved in the X, Y and Z axes planes and a pair of rotationally drive devices that allow a workpiece platform to be rotated in the Y-axis plane and the combined X-axis and Z-axis planes. In this manner, the relative position between the print head and the workpiece platform allows the printer to print complex workpieces in a single continuous print, such as workpieces including large closed, hollow geometries, and without the need for providing support structures for overhangs and the like.

Abstract: A system and related method for determining whether an electrical circuit has been compromised. The system includes a circuit probe positioned relative to the electrical circuit that detects electromagnetic circuit emissions therefrom and an analysis device electrically coupled to the circuit probe and receiving electromagnetic emissions detection signals therefrom, where the analysis device identifies constituent frequencies and their magnitudes in the detection signals. The system also includes a comparison processor responsive to the constituent frequencies and magnitudes from the analysis device, where the comparison processor compares the constituent frequencies and magnitudes to previously stored constituent frequencies and magnitudes obtained from an equivalent test circuit to the electrical circuit to determine whether the electrical circuit has been compromised. A background probe can be provided to obtain background emissions that can be subtracted from the circuit emissions.

Abstract: A system and related method for determining whether an electrical circuit has been compromised. The system includes a circuit probe positioned relative to the electrical circuit that detects electromagnetic circuit emissions therefrom and an analysis device electrically coupled to the circuit probe and receiving electromagnetic emissions detection signals therefrom, where the analysis device identifies constituent frequencies and their magnitudes in the detection signals. The system also includes a comparison processor responsive to the constituent frequencies and magnitudes from the analysis device, where the comparison processor compares the constituent frequencies and magnitudes to previously stored constituent frequencies and magnitudes obtained from an equivalent test circuit to the electrical circuit to determine whether the electrical circuit has been compromised. A background probe can be provided to obtain background emissions that can be subtracted from the circuit emissions.

Abstract: A method and architecture for mitigating configuration memory imprinting in programmable logic devices. At power-up, a configuration memory inversion control determines whether to operate the current power cycle in normal mode or inversion mode, with an objective of equal time in each mode over the system's lifecycle. A configuration memory (CM) input inversion plane is positioned between a CM controller and the CM cells, and a CM output inversion plane is positioned between the CM cells and the FPGA function blocks. When running in inversion mode, data to/from the CM cells is inverted (0's and 1's are swapped) by the input and output inversion planes. By balancing time individual memory addresses spend in high and low voltage states, the system minimizes differences in memory cell stresses, thus reducing memory imprinting effects. The same concept applied to other architectures, such as a processor's external RAM and internal cache, is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and architecture for mitigating memory imprinting in electronic system volatile memory. At system power-up, a bus mode register control determines whether to operate the current power cycle in normal mode or inversion mode, with an objective of equal amounts of time in each mode over the system's lifecycle. A bi-directional data bus inverter is positioned between a system processor and volatile memory. When the system is running in inversion mode, data from non-volatile memory is inverted (0's and 1's are swapped) when copied to volatile memory, and the data bus inverter rectifies all data bits flowing in/out of the processor. By balancing the time spent by individual memory addresses in high and low voltage states, the system minimizes differences in memory cell stresses, thus reducing memory imprinting effects. The same concept applied to other architectures, such as internal processor cache memory, and FPGA configuration memory, is also disclosed.

Abstract: A feed mechanism for feeding a filament into a print head assembly in an FDM printer. The feed mechanism includes a drive assembly that drives the filament into a reservoir where the reservoir is heated by a heater, where the filament is liquefied therein. A pump in the reservoir pumps the liquefied filament material out of the reservoir through an extrusion nozzle to a print head of the printer.

Abstract: A field programmable gate array (FPGA) including a root of trust architecture. The architecture includes a system controller providing system control commands for the architecture and a cryptography processor for performing a hash or key operation for authentication of controller-embedded software and attestation of correct firmware in external system resources. The architecture also includes a lock-step fault-tolerant processor being responsive to messages from the system controller, and including a plurality of soft lock-step cores. Each soft core including separate memory and resources and operating on the same input, where each soft core provides output messages that are analyzed by a logic in the fault-tolerant processor that selects one of the messages to be output to the cryptography processor.

Abstract: A method and architecture for mitigating memory imprinting in electronic system volatile memory. At system power-up, a bus mode register control determines whether to operate the current power cycle in normal mode or inversion mode, with an objective of equal amounts of time in each mode over the system's lifecycle. A bi-directional data bus inverter is positioned between a system processor and volatile memory. When the system is running in inversion mode, data from non-volatile memory is inverted (0's and 1's are swapped) when copied to volatile memory, and the data bus inverter rectifies all data bits flowing in/out of the processor. By balancing the time spent by individual memory addresses in high and low voltage states, the system minimizes differences in memory cell stresses, thus reducing memory imprinting effects. The same concept applied to other architectures, such as internal processor cache memory, and FPGA configuration memory, is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and architecture for mitigating configuration memory imprinting in programmable logic devices. At power-up, a configuration memory inversion control determines whether to operate the current power cycle in normal mode or inversion mode, with an objective of equal time in each mode over the system's lifecycle. A configuration memory (CM) input inversion plane is positioned between a CM controller and the CM cells, and a CM output inversion plane is positioned between the CM cells and the FPGA function blocks. When running in inversion mode, data to/from the CM cells is inverted (0's and 1's are swapped) by the input and output inversion planes. By balancing time individual memory addresses spend in high and low voltage states, the system minimizes differences in memory cell stresses, thus reducing memory imprinting effects. The same concept applied to other architectures, such as a processor's external RAM and internal cache, is also disclosed.

Abstract: A feed mechanism for feeding a filament through a print head assembly in an FDM printer. The feed mechanism includes a first oval-shaped track having a plurality track elements extending around the first track and a second oval-shaped track having a plurality of track elements extending around the second track, where the first and second tracks counter-rotate. A space is defined between the first and second tracks that receives the filament in a manner so that the track elements that are in the space contact the filament, where rotation of the first and second tracks in opposite directions causes the filament to be driven through the space and onto the print head.

Abstract: An FDM printer that provides five degree-of-freedom printing capabilities. In one embodiment, the FDM printer includes three transitional drive devices that allow a printer print head to be translationally moved in the X, Y and Z axes planes and a pair of rotationally drive devices that allow a workpiece platform to be rotated in the Y-axis plane and the combined X-axis and Z-axis planes. In this manner, the relative position between the print head and the workpiece platform allows the printer to print complex workpieces in a single continuous print, such as workpieces including large closed, hollow geometries, and without the need for providing support structures for overhangs and the like.