Abstract: A highly effective solid cold working lubricant may be deposited on a metal surface from an aqueous solution/dispersion that contains ethoxylated alcohols with at least 18 carbon atoms per alcohol and lithium, calcium, and/or sodium salts of fatty acids. Optional preferred ingredients include inorganic boron containing compounds, ethoxylated castor oil, ionomers, and a corrosion inhibitor that includes azoles. No prior conversion coating, such as is generally used under conventional organic soap lubricants, is needed with this type of solid film.

Abstract: Problems of extensive foaming and/or of sticky deposits on process equipment that often arise when metal soaps from metal articles that have been given a metal soap containing surface to aid in drawing are removed with aqueous alkaline clearners can be avoided by including in the cleaners used anions such as calcium and magnesium that are capable of precipitating the anions of the metal soaps. The cleaners advantageously also contain chelants, a mixture of nonionic and anionic surfactants, and phosphorus containing anions. Anions from the metal soaps are eventually precipitated from the cleaners used as non-sticky sludge that can be easily separated from the cleaners.

Abstract: Aqueous alkaline cleaning solutions are used to remove metal intermediate length carboxylate salts from a solid substrate. Foaming of the aqueous alkaline cleaning solution can be adequately reduced by treating the anions of the metal intermediate length carboxylate salts with cations. The anions of the metal intermediate length carboxylate salts constitute a separate solid phase layer that be readily separated from the cleaning solution, resulting in a regenerated aqueous alkaline cleaning solution.

Abstract: Aqueous liquid treatment compositions comprising as active ingredients boric acid and condensed phosphate ions can form iron phosphate containing conversion coatings on ferriferous substrates at rates of at least 0.3 g/m.sup.2 /min. The coatings are useful as cold working lubricants, either as such or after overcoating with a supplemental lubricant.

Abstract: Aluminum alloys that are susceptible to damage by High Temperature Oxidation during solution heat treatment are protected against such damage by a coating containing sodium fluoroborate and/or other fluorine-containing-gas-generating material. The coating can be one suitable for lubrication during cold working of the substrate and can remain in place after the cold working to protect the substrate during subsequent heat treatment.

Abstract: Iron phosphate conversion coatings that are well adapted to serve as carriers for metal cold working lubricants, particularly such lubricants that contain polyoxyethylene adducts of long chain primary alcohols as a major lubricating component, can be formed on ferriferous surfaces within practical times such as 5 to 10 minutes by contact with an aqueous solution of almost neutralized phosphoric acid that has sufficient Free Acid and/or Total Acid content to form a heavier phosphate conversion coating than do conventional iron phosphating compositions. The phosphate conversion coating forming aqueous liquid composition advantageously also contains an accelerator component such as chlorate or hydroxylamine.

Abstract: A lubricant composition including ethoxylated long chain primary alcohols and, preferably, boron compounds but excluding most other previously used organic lubricant materials gives superior results in tube pointing operations, especially with thick walled tubes, and is also useful for drawing operations, either subsequent to pointing or independently of pointing, where very high quality surface finishes are desired.

Abstract: A stearate free solid lubricant for cold working of metals contains approximately equal amounts of an alkene-acrylate ionomer and an alkoxylated alcohol in which the alcohol moiety has from 18-60 carbon atoms and the alkoxylate block has about the same number of carbon atoms. This lubricant can be conveniently applied from aqueous solution/suspension and works effectively even when the underlying steel surface has no conversion coating, which is usually required with stearate lubricants for best results.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved method for coating a zinc surface comprising treating said surface with an aqueous, acidic solution containing:(a) about 0.5 to about 4 percent phosphate ion;(b) an ion selected from the group consisting of zinc ions, manganese ions, and mixtures thereof, said ions being present at a level sufficient to form dihydrogen phosphate with substantially all of said phosphate ions; and(c) about 0.01 to about 1 percent complex fluoride ions; wherein the weight:weight ratio of complex fluoride ions:chloride ions in said solution is at a value of about 8:1 or greater.It is preferred that the ratio complex of fluoride ion to chloride ion (F.sup.- :Cl.sup.-) in said solution to be maintained at a value of greater than about 8:1, preferably greater than about 10:1, and more preferably greater than about 14:1.

Abstract: An improved process for activating metal surfaces prior to a phosphating treatment whereby relatively thin, dense, fine-sized and uniform crystalline adherent phosphate coatings are produced providing superior corrosion protection and paint adherence when coated substrates are subjected to cyclical temperature and ambient environments typifying normal service conditions. To prepare the aqueous activating solution, a dry activating composition is prepared which is adapted to be dispersed in water at a controlled concentration and which comprises a mixture of about 60 to about 90% by weight of a particulated dried reaction product of a titanium-containing compound and sodium phosphate compound containing at least about 0.005% by weight titanium with the balance comprising tetrasodium pyrophosphate. The dry activating composition is dispersed in the aqueous solution to provide a total concentration of from about 0.1 to about 10 g/l.

Abstract: A composition and a method for applying a lubricant coating to clean metal surfaces prior to subjecting them to metal forming operations. The composition comprises a concentrate which is adapted to be diluted with water, if desired, to produce an aqueous acidic operating bath containing a controlled effective amount of phosphate ions to form a phosphate coating on the clean metal surface in combination with an emulsified organic lubricant agent, an emulsifying agent and an aqueous soluble organic corrosion inhibiting agent. The coating composition may further optionally contain a controlled amount of heavy metal cations for activating the coating bath. The coating composition is applied to a clean metal surface such as by flooding, immersion, spraying, or the like, at temperatures from ambient up to about 200.degree. F. for a period of time sufficient to effect a desired coating magnitude whereafter the parts are dried, preferably at elevated temperatures before forming.

Abstract: A water emulsifiable lubricant and coolant for the cold forming of metal, as in the forming and stamping of sheet metal parts and in the drawing of wire. The composition has superior lubricant and coolant properties and also imparts some degree of corrosion protection for the part after forming. The composition contains oleic acid, an ethanolamine, a mixture of mineral oils or a mixture of mineral oil with a wax, and a mixture of emulsifiers. The emulsion is stable at various strengths and at pH values ranging from 7.0 to 9.5, thus being useful with various plated or coated metals, as well as with uncoated metals.An example of the lubricant is as follows:Lubricant(a) water base(b) oleic acid(c) ethanolamine(d) heavy mineral oil(e) dialkylphenoxypoly (ethyleneoxy) ethanol(f) sodium salt of alkylpolyoxyethylene phosphate ester, and(g) a member selected from the group consisting of light mineral oil, paraffin wax, oxazoline wax.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved method for coating a zinc surface comprising treating said surface with an aqueous, acidic solution containing:(a) about 0.5 to about 4 percent phosphate ion;(b) an ion selected from the group consisting of zinc ions, manganese ions, and mixtures thereof, said ions being present at a level sufficient to form dihydrogen phosphate with substantially all of said phosphate ions; and(c) about 0.01 to about 1 percent complex fluoride ions; wherein the weight:weight ratio of complex fluoride ions:chloride ions in said solution is at a value of about 8:1 or greater.It is preferred that the ratio complex of fluoride ion to chloride ion (F.sup.- :Cl.sup.-) in said solution to be maintained at a value of greater than about 8:1, preferably greater than about 10:1, and more preferably greater than about 14:1.