Abstract: A method of making a structured, doped, cerium oxide nanoparticle includes (a) forming a first reaction mixture including cerium(III), an optional metal ion other than cerium, a base, a stabilizer, and a solvent, (b) contacting the first reaction mixture with an oxidant, (c) forming a cerium oxide nanoparticle core by heating the product of step (b), (d) forming a second reaction mixture by combining with the first reaction mixture one or more metal ions other than cerium, and an optional additional quantity of cerium(III), and (e) forming a shell surrounding the core of cerium oxide by heating the second reaction mixture to produce a product dispersion of structured cerium oxide nanoparticles.

Abstract: A process for making cerium dioxide nanoparticles containing at least one transition metal (M) utilizes a suspension of cerium hydroxide nanoparticles prepared by mechanical shearing of an aqueous mixture containing an oxidant in an amount effective to enable oxidation of cerous ion to ceric ion, thereby forming a product stream that contains transition metal-containing cerium dioxide nanoparticles, Ce1-xMxO2, wherein “x” has a value from about 0.3 to about 0.8. The nanoparticles thus obtained have a cubic fluorite structure, a mean hydrodynamic diameter in the range of about 1 nm to about 10 nm, and a geometric diameter of less than about 4 nm. The transition metal-containing crystalline cerium dioxide nanoparticles can be used to prepare a dispersion of the particles in a nonpolar medium.

Abstract: A method of making cerium dioxide nanoparticles includes: a) providing an aqueous reaction mixture having a source of cerous ion, a source of hydroxide ion, a nanoparticle stabilizer, and an oxidant at an initial temperature no higher than about 20° C.; b) mechanically shearing the mixture and causing it to pass through a perforated screen, thereby forming a suspension of cerium hydroxide nanoparticles; and c) raising the initial temperature to achieve oxidation of cerous ion to eerie ion and thereby form cerium dioxide nanoparticles having a mean diameter in the range of about 1 nm to about 15 nm. The cerium dioxide nanoparticles may be formed in a continuous process.

Abstract: A molded plastic container, such as a five gallon pail, that includes a lid and main body that are selectively attachable to each other without a resilient gasket. The main body of the plastic container includes a flexible sealing finger formed along the top rim of the main body. The flexible sealing finger is received within a sealing chamber formed as part of the rim. The sealing chamber is defined by a gland seal such that when the lid is attached to the main body, both the flexible finger and the gland seal can deflect to create multiple sealing points between the flexible sealing finger and the sealing chamber. A latch ring is formed on the outer surface of the main body and engages a locking tab formed on the lid to hold the flexible finger in the sealing chamber.

Abstract: A process for replacing the continuous phase of a nanoparticle dispersion with a less polar phase, includes filtering the dispersion through a semi-permeable membrane filter to remove the continuous phase, and introducing a less polar phase.

Abstract: A molded plastic container, such as a five gallon pail, that includes a lid and main body that are selectively attachable to each other without a resilient gasket. The main body of the plastic container includes a flexible sealing finger formed along the top rim of the main body. The flexible sealing finger is received within a sealing chamber formed as part of the rim. The sealing chamber is defined by a gland seal such that when the lid is attached to the main body, both the flexible finger and the gland seal can deflect to create multiple sealing points between the flexible sealing finger and the sealing chamber. A latch ring is formed on the outer surface of the main body and engages a locking tab formed on the lid to hold the flexible finger in the sealing chamber.

Abstract: This invention relates to a negative silver halide photographic element comprising a support and a silver halide imaging layer containing a light sensitive silver halide imaging emulsion, said silver halide imaging layer further comprising a separately precipitated non-imaging intentionally fogged fine grain emulsion and an electron transfer agent releasing compound represented by formula (I): CAR1-(L)n-ETA??(I) wherein: CAR1 is a carrier moiety which is capable of releasing -(L)n-ETA on reaction with oxidized developing agent; L is a divalent linking group, n is 0, 1 or 2; and ETA is a releasable electron transfer agent, and (optionally) a development accelerator releasing compound represented by the formula (II): CAR2—(SAM)-NX1—NX2X3??(II) wherein: CAR2 is a carrier moiety which is capable of releasing —(SAM)-NX1—NX2X3 on reaction with oxidized developing agent; SAM is a silver absorbable moiety attached to the carrier moiety and is released on reaction with oxidized development agent; and —NX1—NX2X

Abstract: This invention relates to a photographic element comprising a support and at least two silver halide emulsion layers further comprising, an electron transfer agent releasing compound represented by the formula (I): CAR1—(L)n—ETA  (I) wherein: CAR1 is a carrier moiety which is capable of releasing —(L)n-ETA on reaction with oxidized developing agent; L is a divalent linking group, n is 0, 1 or 2; and ETA is a releasable 1-aryl-3-pyrazolidinone electron transfer agent having a calculated log partition coefficient (c log P) greater than or equal to 2.40 and the total sum of the Hammett sigma(para) values of the substituents on the 1-aryl ring is 0.

Abstract: This invention relates to a photographic element comprising a support and at least two silver halide emulsion layers further comprising an electron transfer agent releasing compound represented by the formula (I):

Abstract: This invention relates to a negative silver halide photographic element comprising a support and a silver halide imaging layer containing a light sensitive silver halide imaging emulsion, said silver halide imaging layer further comprising a separately precipitated non-imaging intentionally fogged fine grain emulsion and an electron transfer agent releasing compound represented by formula (I):

Abstract: This invention relates to a multicolor silver halide photographic element comprising a support and at least one high bromide silver halide emulsion layer comprising low fogging tabular silver halide grains, said element further comprising an antifoggant represented by the following Structure I: R1—SO2—C(R2)R3—(CO)m—(L)n—SG  I wherein R1 is an aliphatic or cyclic group, R2 and R3 are independently hydrogen or bromine as long as at least one of them is bromine, L is a divalent linking group, m and n are independently 0 or 1, and SG is a solubilizing group that has a pKa of 8 or less.

Abstract: This invention comprises a photographic element comprising a support and at least one blue sensitive silver halide emulsion layer containing a tabular grain silver halide emulsion, or an emulsion in which the halide content is at least 50% chloride and no more than 5% iodide, wherein the emulsion is spectrally sensitized with at least one dye providing a peak sensitization between 446 and 500 nm and at least one dye providing a peak sensitization between 400 and 445 nm and additionally sensitized with a fragmentable electron donor of the formula: X—Y′. or an electron donor which contains an —XY′ moiety; wherein X is an electron donor moiety, Y′ is a leaving proton H or a leaving group Y, with the proviso that if Y′ is H a base, &bgr;−, is covalently linked directly or indirectly to X. and wherein: 1) X—Y′ has an oxidation potential between 0 and about 1.

Abstract: A color photographic element comprises a support and at least one dye image forming layer unit comprising gelatin-peptized radiation-sensitive silver halide grains, a fragmentable electron donating compound; and an electron transfer agent releasing compound.

Abstract: This invention comprises a silver halide photographic element comprising at least one sensitive silver halide emulsion layer comprising silver halide grains that have been epitaxially sensitized and a fragmentable electron donor compound is of the formula X—Y′ or a compound which contains a moiety of the formula —X—Y′; wherein X is an electron donor moiety, Y′ is a leaving proton H or a leaving group Y, with the proviso that if Y′ is a proton, a base, &bgr;−, is covalently linked directly or indirectly to X, and wherein: 1) X—Y′ has an oxidation potential between 0 and about 1.4 V; and 2) the oxidized form of X—Y′ undergoes a bond cleavage reaction to give the radical X• and the leaving fragment Y′; and, optionally, 3) the radical X• has an oxidation potential ≦−0.7V (that is, equal to or more negative than about −0.7V).

Abstract: A multicolor photographic element comprising a support bearing a cyan dye image-forming unit comprising at least one red-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer having associated therewith at least one cyan dye-forming coupler, a magenta dye image-forming unit comprising at least one green-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer having associated therewith at least one magenta dye-forming coupler, a yellow dye image-forming unit comprising at least one blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer having associated therewith at least one yellow dye-forming coupler, wherein at least one of said emulsion layers comprises tabular grains having {111} major faces containing greater than 50 mole percent bromide, and accounting for greater than 50 percent total grain projected area precipitated in a peptizer that is a water dispersible cationic starch, and contains a fragmentable electron donating sensitizer.

Abstract: A photographic recording element is disclosed containing in at least one dye image forming layer unit (a) a radiation-sensitive silver halide grains include tabular grains (1) having {111} major faces, (2) containing greater than 50 mole percent bromide, based on silver, and (3) accounting for greater than 50 percent total grain projected area, (b) a fragmentable electron donating sensitizer, (c) a water dispersible cationic starch peptizer, and (d) a one equivalent dye image providing coupler. Increased photographic speed is realized.

Abstract: A photographic emulsion is disclosed containing for enhanced imaging speed high bromide {111} tabular grain emulsion peptizer with a cationic starch and sensitized with a fragmentable electron donating sensitizer. The photographic emulsion is disclosed for use in black-and-white and color photographic elements.

Abstract: A photographic element is disclosed having at least one emulsion layer comprised of (a) radiation-sensitive silver halide grains, (b) sensitizer for the radiation-sensitive silver halide grains, (c) hydrophilic colloid vehicle, including peptizer for the radiation-sensitive silver halide grains, and (d) light scattering particles, wherein (a) the radiation-sensitive silver halide grains include tabular grains (1) having an aspect ratio of at least 2.0, (2) having {111} major faces, (3) containing greater than 50 mole percent bromide, based on silver, and (4) accounting for greater than 50 percent total grain projected area, (b) the sensitizer includes a fragmentable electron donating sensitizer, (c) the peptizer is a water dispersible cationic starch, and (d) the light scattering particles have aspect ratios of less than 1.5 and can be dissolved for removal from the emulsion layer. The photographic elements exhibit enhanced imaging speed and can be employed for color or black-and-white photographic imaging.

Abstract: A process of preparing a photographic emulsion having radiation-sensitive silver iodohalide grains. Iodide is introduced into the grains by releasing iodide ions from iodate (IO.sub.3.sup.-). Release of iodide ions from the IO.sub.3.sup.- is employed to enhance the uniformity of iodide availability during emulsion preparation, either during grain precipitation or subsequent halide conversion. The process of the invention is in one preferred form directed to the partial halide conversion of tabular grains. A speed-granularity advantage is demonstrated.

Abstract: A photographic emulsion is disclosed comprised of a dispersing medium and radiation-sensitive silver halide grains with greater than 50 percent of total grain projected area being accounted for by grains containing a host portion of a face centered cubic rock salt crystal lattice structure and a first epitaxial phase containing greater than 90 mole percent iodide. The host portion is tabular, being bounded by an exterior having first and second parallel major faces joined by a peripheral edge. The first epitaxial phase accounts for less than 60 percent of total silver, and the first epitaxial phase is restricted to a portion of the exterior of the host portion that includes at least 15 percent of the major faces.