Abstract: An apparatus comprises: a first narrow bandwidth electromagnetic wave filter, a second narrow bandwidth electromagnetic wave filter, and an electromagnetic wave dispersive filter. The first narrow bandwidth electromagnetic wave filter is configured to: convert a wide bandwidth signal to a first monochromatic signal; and direct the first monochromatic signal to at least one first pixel. The second narrow bandwidth electromagnetic wave filter is configured to: convert the wide bandwidth signal to a second monochromatic signal; and direct the second monochromatic signal to at least one second pixel. The electromagnetic wave dispersive filter is configured to: convert the wide bandwidth signal to a spatially distributed wide bandwidth spectrum; and direct the spatially distributed wide bandwidth spectrum to third pixels.

Abstract: A calibration device receives at least a first multispectral measurement of: a first monochromatic signal taken at a first pixel location; a second multispectral measurement of a second monochromatic signal taken at a second pixel location; and a multiplicity of third multispectral measurements of a spatially distributed wide bandwidth dispersed spectrum, of a wide bandwidth signal, taken at a multiplicity of third pixel locations. The device relates known pixel values of wavelengths to pixel values of measured wavelengths. The device outputs spectrum wavelength and power calibration values for the multispectral imaging system, comprising at least a relation of: a first third pixel location to a first known wavelength; and a second third pixel location to a second known wavelength.

Abstract: A calibration device receives at least a first multispectral measurement of: a first monochromatic signal taken at a first pixel location; a second multispectral measurement of a second monochromatic signal taken at a second pixel location; and a multiplicity of third multispectral measurements of a spatially distributed wide bandwidth dispersed spectrum, of a wide bandwidth signal, taken at a multiplicity of third pixel locations. The device relates known pixel values of wavelengths to pixel values of measured wavelengths. The device outputs spectrum wavelength and power calibration values for the multispectral imaging system, comprising at least a relation of: a first third pixel location to a first known wavelength; and a second third pixel location to a second known wavelength.

Abstract: A pattern recognizer includes a sequential data extractor, a data pairer, and a recognition engine. The sequential data extractor extracts a region of measured data obtained from a measuring device and determine discrete position information of the individual changes in impedance. The measuring device is preferably capable of detecting changes in impedance. The measured data should contain position information of the changes in impedance. The data pairer associates discrete position information of the individual changes in impedance with a priori pattern data that contains expected positions of the changes in impedance. The recognition engine decides whether the associated region of measured data and the a priori pattern data differ within predetermined criteria, the predetermined criteria including: non-expected impedance changes; excessive dither; and missing impedance changes.

Abstract: A buoyant force pump is disclosed. A material which is buoyant relative to a non-solid material is used to cause a movable surface to move thereby causing the non-solid material to be pumped. The device can be used to move non-solid material in hazardous conditions or materials in biological reactors. The pumps can be used for mixing ingredients external to the pump by repeatedly moving materials into and out of the pump. The pumps can also be used to gently move materials from an inlet to an outlet.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the orientation of the longitudinal axis of a cavity comprising a signal receiver, a signal processor and analyzer and a cavity axis orientation analyzer. The signal receiver receives a reflected signal resulting from an interaction of multi-frequency irradiating signal(s) with at least one cavity. The irradiating signal may include an electromagnetic or acoustic signal above a cavity dependent cutoff frequency with a randomized or deterministic spectral component. The signal analyzer computes a power spectral density of the reflected signal. The local maxima of the power spectral density are identified and used to determine the cavity longitudinal axis orientation. The cavity may be the bore of a weapon.

Abstract: A buoyant force pump is disclosed. A material which is buoyant relative to a non-solid material is used to cause a movable surface to move thereby causing the non-solid material to be pumped. The device can be used to move non-solid material in hazardous conditions or materials in biological reactors. The pumps can be used for mixing ingredients external to the pump by repeatedly moving materials into and out of the pump. The pumps can also be used to gently move materials from an inlet to an outlet.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the orientation of the longitudinal axis of a cavity comprising a signal receiver, a signal processor and analyzer and a cavity axis orientation analyzer. The signal receiver receives a reflected signal resulting from an interaction of multi-frequency irradiating signal(s) with at least one cavity. The irradiating signal may include an electromagnetic or acoustic signal above a cavity dependent cutoff frequency with a randomized or deterministic spectral component. The signal analyzer computes a power spectral density of the reflected signal. The local maxima of the power spectral density are identified and used to determine the cavity longitudinal axis orientation. The cavity may be the bore of a weapon.

Abstract: A buoyant force pump and surge apparatus is disclosed. A material which is buoyant relative to a non-solid material is used to cause a movable surface to move thereby causing the non-solid material to be pumped in surges. One use of the device is to create water surges in aquariums through the use of conventional low pressure, low volume air pumps and without the need for mechanical pumps or control electronics. A second use of the device is to move non-solid material in hazardous conditions.

Abstract: A buoyant force pump and surge apparatus is disclosed. A material which is buoyant relative to a non-solid material is used to cause a movable surface to move thereby causing the non-solid material to be pumped in surges. One use of the device is to create water surges in aquariums through the use of conventional low pressure, low volume air pumps and without the need for mechanical pumps or control electronics. A second use of the device is to move non-solid material in hazardous conditions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting the occurrence of new ideas in documents or communications. The method is comprised of three processes. The first process lexiconizes all words or symbols in a set of documents. The second process compares all words in a second set of documents to the words in the lexicon. Words not already in the lexicon are presented to a user who takes one of two courses of action, 1) lexiconizes the word, or, 2) declares it a “fad” indicating that the word is to be further analyzed. The third process measures the spatial and temporal spread of said fad by searching a third set of documents and computing metrics based on additional occurrences of said fad, said metrics being used to determine when a fad has achieved a level of interest denoted as a category. When a category is detected, a user is notified.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting the occurrence of new ideas in documents or communications. The method is comprised of three processes. The first process lexiconizes all words or symbols in a set of documents. The second process compares all words in a second set of documents to the words in the lexicon. Words not already in the lexicon are presented to a user who takes one of two courses of action, 1) lexiconizes the word, or, 2) declares it a “fad” indicating that the word is to be further analyzed. The third process measures the spatial and temporal spread of said fad by searching a third set of documents and computing metrics based on additional occurrences of said fad, said metrics being used to determine when a fad has achieved a level of interest denoted as a category. When a category is detected, a user is notified.

Abstract: The Precision Position Measurement System (PPMS) measures the location of the source of electromagnetic radiation in 3-D physical space to accuracies on the order of fractions of a wavelength using phase difference measurements among several receiving antennas, one of which is designated as the reference. All signal processing is done at the transmitter's RF frequency and in a single receiver with distributed RF signal amplification. Spatially distributed RF amplification is used to achieve sufficient signal strength for phase measurement without using up/down conversion receivers thereby eliminating sources of error due to local oscillator instability.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting the occurrence of new ideas in documents or communications. The method is comprised of three processes. The first process lexiconizes all words or symbols in a set of documents. The second process compares all words in a second set of documents to the words in the lexicon. Words not already in the lexicon are presented to a user who takes one of two courses of action, 1) lexiconizes the word, or, 2) declares it a “fad” indicating that the word is to be further analyzed. The third process measures the spatial and temporal spread of said fad by searching a third set of documents and computing metrics based on additional occurrences of said fad, said metrics being used to determine when a fad has achieved a level of interest denoted as a category. When a category is detected, a user is notified.