Abstract: A residual life indicating system for a filter includes a main filter, a sampling filter, and a sensor. Both the main filter and the sampling filter receive an ambient gas meant to be filtered. The sensor connects to the sampling filter and senses the presence of a predetermined chemical in the gas that has been filtered by the sampling filter.

Abstract: Systems and methods for streaming of multimedia files over a network are described. A streaming delivery accelerator (SDA) receives content from a content provider, caches at least part of the content, forming a cache file, and streams the cache file to a user. The described systems and methods are directed to separate (shred) the content into contiguous cache files suitable for streaming. The shredded cache files may have different transmission bit rates and/or different content, such as audio, text, etc. Checksums can migrate from the content file to the shredded cache files and between different network protocols without the need for recomputing the checksums.