Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for mitigation of fraudulent transactions. In some embodiments, a server is communicatively coupled to a user device, and is configured to receive a proposed transaction from a merchant device communicatively coupled to the server, apply a dynamic classification algorithm to the proposed transaction to determine if the proposed transactions appears to be fraudulent, generate a user verification request when the proposed transaction appears to be fraudulent, transmit the user verification request to a user computing device communicatively coupled to the server, receive an approval or a refusal of the proposed transaction based on the user verification request, and process the proposed transaction based on the received approval or refusal of the proposed transaction.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for mitigation of fraudulent transactions. In some embodiments, a server is communicatively coupled to a user device, and is configured to receive a proposed transaction from a merchant device communicatively coupled to the server, apply a dynamic classification algorithm to the proposed transaction to determine if the proposed transactions appears to be fraudulent, generate a user verification request when the proposed transaction appears to be fraudulent, transmit the user verification request to a user computing device communicatively coupled to the server, receive an approval or a refusal of the proposed transaction based on the user verification request, and process the proposed transaction based on the received approval or refusal of the proposed transaction.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for mitigation of fraudulent transactions. In some embodiments, a server is communicatively coupled to a user device, and is configured to receive a proposed transaction from a merchant device communicatively coupled to the server, apply a dynamic classification algorithm to the proposed transaction to determine if the proposed transactions appears to be fraudulent, generate a user verification request when the proposed transaction appears to be fraudulent, transmit the user verification request to a user computing device communicatively coupled to the server, receive an approval or a refusal of the proposed transaction based on the user verification request, and process the proposed transaction based on the received approval or refusal of the proposed transaction.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for mitigation of fraudulent transactions. In some embodiments, a server is communicatively coupled to a user device, and is configured to receive a proposed transaction from a merchant device communicatively coupled to the server, apply a dynamic classification algorithm to the proposed transaction to determine if the proposed transactions appears to be fraudulent, generate a user verification request when the proposed transaction appears to be fraudulent, transmit the user verification request to a user computing device communicatively coupled to the server, receive an approval or a refusal of the proposed transaction based on the user verification request, and process the proposed transaction based on the received approval or refusal of the proposed transaction.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for mitigation of fraudulent transactions. In some embodiments, a server is communicatively coupled to a user device, and is configured to receive a proposed transaction from a merchant device communicatively coupled to the server, apply a dynamic classification algorithm to the proposed transaction to determine if the proposed transactions appears to be fraudulent, generate a user verification request when the proposed transaction appears to be fraudulent, transmit the user verification request to a user computing device communicatively coupled to the server, receive an approval or a refusal of the proposed transaction based on the user verification request, and process the proposed transaction based on the received approval or refusal of the proposed transaction.

Abstract: The present invention is a propellant composition comprising from about 2 percent to about 46 percent, by weight, boron particles having a diameter of less than about 500 nanometers. Liquid or gel embodiments of the invention may also include adding the boron particles to a liquid fuel in order to form a liquid fuel system. Examples of such liquid fuels include ethyl ammonium nitrate (EAN), triethyl amine nitrate (TEAN), Cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX), trinitrotoluene (TNT), jet fuel formula (JP-10), kerosene, RJ-4, or other hydrocarbon based fuels. These liquid fuel systems can be part of bipropellants wherein the liquid fuel system is stored separately from an oxidizing agent and the two are mixed during operation. Examples of oxidizing agents may include nitrogen tetroxide, oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl ammonium perchlorate (HAP), hydoxyl ammonium nitrate (HAN), ammonium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium dinitramide (ADN), or a combination of said chemicals.

Abstract: A process has been developed to effectively separate and recover essentially pure amounts of both C.sub.60 and C.sub.70 from carbon soot and higher molecular weight fullerenes. This process first extracts the fullerenes from carbon soot and then sequentially separates the C.sub.60 and C.sub.70 molecules using high performance or low pressure adsorption chromatography packed column containing a gel polymer having aromaticity and a pore size ranging from 10 to 500 .ANG..In this process, a first stage of fractionation of the fullerenes is preferably accomplished by selective supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of C.sub.60. Unrecovered C.sub.60 and C.sub.70 molecules are then extracted by supercritical fluid extraction at a higher pressure and/or higher temperature.