Abstract: An electronic resonator is employed for the on-line nondestructive measurement of microstructure, as defined by the diameter of grains of the type found in ferritic steel alloys during high rate formation processes. The quality factor (Q) of an inductive-capacitive (LC) tank circuit is determined to obtain a measure of energy dissipated in a steel alloy sample inductively coupled to it. Dissipative energy in the sample results from two sources, hysteresis and eddy currents. Eddy current loss is relatively microstructure insensitive and is mainly related to chemical composition and temperature while hysteresis loss is determined by microstructural factors. If microstructural variables other than grain size, and the factors determining eddy current loss are held constant, grain size becomes the dominant factor in differential energy loss with grain size being inversely related to hysteresis loss.

Abstract: An animal watering drinker has a tank having walls surrounding a chamber for holding water. A top unit mounted on the tank has drinking openings and a continuous first baffle extended downward below the normal level of water in the chamber. The top unit has a top opening open to the space surrounded by the first baffle. A cap mounted on the top unit closes the top opening therein. The cap has a second baffle extended downwardly below the normal level of water in the chamber surrounding a float valve assembly operable to supply water to the chamber. In one form of the drinker, the cap has a plug that closes the top opening in the top unit. Doors pivotally mounted on the top unit normally close the drinking openings.

Abstract: An animal watering drinker has a tank having end walls with drinking well pockets. A top wall unit mounted on the tank has a continuous baffle surrounding a float valve assembly and bosses closing the backs of the pockets. Lids pivotally mounted on the top wall unit normally close the tops of the drinking well pockets.

Abstract: An animal watering apparatus having a tank for storing a supply of water. The tank has a top wall having a first tubular baffle surrounding an opening for accommodating a float valve assembly operable to supply water to the tank chamber. A second tubular baffle surrounds a drinking well. The first and second baffles are spaced from the walls of the housing to allow water to circulate about the baffles to minimize the freezing of the water in the float valve assembly and the drinking well. A closure associated with the drinking well minimizes the freezing of the water in the drinking well. The cover is a movable open float located within the drinking well. A second form of the cover is a pivotal lid that is moved by the animal to an open position to provide access to the drinking well.

Abstract: An animal watering apparatus has a thermal insulated tank having a water storage chamber. An upright tubular member located in the chamber has openings in its opposite ends to permit thermal circulation of the water in the chamber. Animal actuated water dispensing nipples mounted on the tank are surrounded with thermal insulated housings. Thermal insulated covers mounted on the housings with flexible sheets cover the outer ends of the nipples.

Abstract: An animal watering apparatus including a thermo insulated tank having a water chamber supplied with water with a water pipe extended to the upper portion of the chamber and a float valve mounted on the pipe to maintain a preselected water level in the chamber. A top wall mounted on the tank provides a pair of animal drinking openings. Covers pivoted on the top wall close the openings. A pair of baffles extend downwardly from the inside surface of a top wall. The baffles are located on opposite sides of the float valve and extend across the water chamber. Opposite ends of the baffles engage the tank side walls. The lower edges of the baffles are normally below the surface of the water to isolate the float valve and water pipe outlet from the drinking openings so that cold ambient air does not move across the surface of the water to the vicinity of the float valve to prevent the float valve from freezing in cold weather.

Abstract: An animal watering apparatus including a tank having a water chamber enclosed by a top wall. A pair of drinking openings are located in the top wall and are closed respectively by a pair of covers. Water inlet to the water chamber comprises a water pipe extended to the upper portion of the chamber and having a float valve to maintain a preselected water level in the chamber. A pair of baffles extend downwardly from the inside surface of the top wall and isolate the float valve and water pipe outlet from the drinking openings such that when one or more of the covers are open, cold ambient air does not move across the surface of the water to the vicinity of the water inlet. Water coming in the water inlet is thus maintained at a relatively warmer temperature for a longer time. In periods of warmth, the water in the water chamber is maintained at a cooler temperature for a longer period of time.

Abstract: A slotted floor section for supporting animals, as hogs and cattle. The floor section has a plurality of longitudinal members having plywood cores located in side-by-side laterally spaced positions. A plurality of transverse members are located adjacent the bottom of the longitudinal members. The longitudinal and transverse members are covered with a plastic reinforced with fibers. The transverse members have a plurality of lugs which laterally space the longitudinal members. Connecting structures attach the transverse members to the longitudinal members. A granular material embedded in the top portion of the plastic material provides the top surface of the longitudinal members with a rough texture to enhance animal footing.

Abstract: An animal watering drinker has a tank having end walls with drinking well pockets. A top wall unit mounted on the tank has a continuous baffle surrounding a float valve assembly and bosses closing the backs of the pockets. Lids pivotally mounted on the top wall unit normally close the tops of the drinking well pockets.