Abstract: The instant invention relates to a method for converting phosphorus containing polymers from a two dimensional layered structure into a three dimensional structure by crosslinking such layers. The method and the resulting crosslinked polymers may be used to encapsulate active materials such as catalysts, pesticides, etc. by intercalating such active materials between the layers prior to crosslinking. Thus, the egress of said active materials into the environment during use may be hindered or prevented.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a novel hydroformylation catalyst comprising a composite of rhodium metal or a rhodium metal compound and a compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the general formulaM(O.sub.3 ZO.sub.x R).sub.nwherein M comprises a tetravalent metal, Z comprises a pentavalent atom, R is selected from the group consisting of organo radicals comprising a moiety selected from the group consisting of phosphine radicals; x is 0 or 1, and n is 2, provided that n is 1 when R is terminated with a tri- or tetra-oxy pentavalent atom. This catalyst is useful in hydroformylation processes which comprise contacting said catalyst with an olefin, at conditions sufficient to convert said olefin into an aldehyde or an alcohol. For example, 1-hexene may be hydroformylated to a mixture comprising heptylaldehyde isomers and propylene may be hydroformylated to n-butyraldehyde by means of a hydroformylation catalyst comprising a composite RhCl(CO)(PC.sub.6 H.sub.5).sub.2 and Zr(O.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a novel hydrogenation catalyst comprising a composite of a Group VIII metal or Group VIII metal compound and a compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the general formulaM(O.sub.3 ZO.sub.x R).sub.nwherein M comprises a tetravalent metal, Z comprises a pentavalent atom, R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, organo radicals and mixtures thereof provided that at least a portion of said radicals comprise a moiety selected from the group consisting of pyridyl, allyl, anthranilic acid radicals and mixtures thereof; x is 0 or 1, and n is 2, provided that n is 1 when R is terminated with a tri- or tetra-oxy pentavalent atom. This catalyst is useful in hydrogenation processes which comprise contacting said catalyst with an unsaturated compound, said unsaturated compound comprising at least one unsaturated bond, e.g., a carbon-carbon bond, a carbon-nitrogen bond, a carbon-oxygen bond, or a nitrogen-oxygen bond, etc.