Abstract: The invention relates to improving the heat transfer properties in boiling liquids of tubes and other surfaces by applying a very porous reticulated organic foam layer in contact with the tube surface, and then plating a thin metal coating on the foam substrate. Preferably, the tube is copper and the plating consists of a first electrolessly applied layer of copper and a second electroplated layer. The foam is preferably in the form of a thin tape which is spirally wound about the tube. Pyrolization of the foam after plating improves the heat transfer performance of the tube.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of improving the heat transfer properties in boiling liquids of tubes and other surfaces by applying a very porous reticulated organic foam layer which has been precoated with graphite in contact with the tube surface, and then plating a thin metal coating on the foam substrate. Preferably, the tube is copper and the plating consists of an electroplated layer of copper which is applied over the conductive graphite coated foam. the foam is preferably in the form of a thin tape which is spirally wound about the tube. Pyrolyzation of the foam after plating improves the heat transfer performance of the tube. A method for applying the graphite to the foam is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to improving the heat transfer properties in boiling liquids of tubes and other surfaces by applying a very porous reticulated organic foam layer in contact with the tube surface, and then plating a thin metal coating on the foam substrate. Preferably, the tube is copper and the plating consists of a first electrolessly applied layer of copper and a second electroplated layer. The foam is preferably in the form of a thin tape which is spirally wound about the tube. Pyrolization of the foam after plating improves the heat transfer performance of the tube.

Abstract: Oxygen sensor specifically adapted for use in an industrial air/fuel control system provides an ability to measure actual oxygen content quantitatively in industrial situations where off-stoichiometric air/fuel control is desired. The sensor is quite simple and is easy to use since it provides accurate reproducible readings from sensor to sensor and for long periods. The leads to the solid electrolyte disc are of the same material as the electrodes and extend to the remote end of the sensor so as to eliminate dissimilar material junctions. Felted ceramic discs applied to the wet paste electrodes before firing serve to filter the gases contacting the sensor and act as wicks for permitting uniform dispersion of chloroplatinic acid to the paste electrodes.

Abstract: Oxygen sensor specifically adapted for use in an industrial air/fuel control system provides an ability to measure actual oxygen content quantitatively in industrial situations where off-stoichiometric air/fuel control is desired. The sensor is quite simple and is easy to use since it provides accurate reproducible readings from sensor to sensor and for long periods. The leads to the solid electrolyte disc are of the same material as the electrodes and extend to the remote end of the sensor so as to eliminate dissimilar material junctions. Felted ceramic discs applied to the wet paste electrodes before firing serve to filter the gases contacting the sensor and act as wicks for permitting uniform dispersion of chloroplatinic acid to the paste electrodes.

Abstract: Improved method of sintering a powder metal body at temperatures substantially lower than the normal sintering temperature of the metal. A body formed of powder metal particles is redox cycled by being repeatedly and alternately subjected to an oxidizing atmosphere and a reducing atmosphere. The number of redox cycles required to achieve sintering is inversely proportional to the temperature. The metal must be one which will undergo surface oxidation and reduction in the atmospheres and at the temperature used.