Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to fabricating low cost polysilicon solar cell on flexible substrates using inkjet printing. Particular embodiments form polycrystalline or microcrystalline silicon solar cells on substrates utilizing liquid silane, by employing inkjet printing or other low cost commercial printing techniques including but not limited to screen printing, roller coating, gravure coating, curtain coating, spray coating and others. Specific embodiments employ silanes such as cyclopentasilane (C5H10) or cyclohexasilane (C6H12), which are liquids at room temperature but undergo a ring opening chemical reaction upon exposure to radiation of a wavelength of ultraviolet (UV) or shorter. . Opening of the rings of the liquid silane converts it into a polymerized material comprising saturated and unsaturated silicon chains of varied length. Heating to approximately 250-400° C. converts these materials into a hydrogenated amorphous silicon film.

Abstract: A programmable controller system is taught which uses an oscillator to provide a relatively low frequency low duty cycle series of digital ones and zeros to the gate logic of a load control device regardless of whether the device is in the ON or OFF state. These signals are electrically passed through the system which controls the load for such a short time that the load cannot change state because of electrical momentum and/or inertia thereof. The series of digital ones and zeros nevertheless do pass through the system and sensing means serve to test the correct operation of the output devices. As long as the oscillator generated signals continue to pass through the gate, the capacitor controlled sensing devices will be held in a state such as to provide no indication of failure.

Abstract: A versatile output card circuit capable of switching a wide range of voltage levels for use with the central processing unit of a computer or microprocessor controller. The versatile output circuit includes an isolation switching means circuit for electrically isolating a second predetermined range of load voltage while responding to a first predetermined range of signal output voltage by switching the second predetermined range of load voltage to a desired load and an indicating means circuit coupled to and responsive to the isolation switching means circuit for indicating when the second predetermined range of load voltage has been switched to the load.