Abstract: According to some aspects, systems and methods for characterizing phosphoserine-containing polypeptides are described. In some embodiments, a phosphoserine residue of a polypeptide may be converted to a dehydroalanine residue. Some aspects are directed to a method of reacting a polypeptide comprising at least one dehydroalanine residue with a protected thiol compound comprising a click chemistry handle (e.g., an azide, an alkyne) to provide a functionalized polypeptide comprising a click chemistry handle. Some aspects are directed to systems and methods of characterizing phosphoserine residues in polypeptides (e.g., identifying and/or determining the location of a phosphoserine residue) and/or methods of preparing samples for such systems and methods.

Abstract: Aspects of the application relate to methods and systems for obtaining information regarding multiple amino acids in a polypeptide based on binding interactions between the polypeptide and one or more amino acid recognizers. Kinetic signature information may be obtained from a series of signal pulses indicative of a series of binding events between one or more amino acid recognizers and an amino acid of a polypeptide (e.g., a terminal amino acid, an internal amino acid). The kinetic signature information (e.g., pulse duration, interpulse duration, recognition segment (RS) duration, intersegment duration) may be used to determine one or more chemical characteristics (e.g., identity, modification) of multiple amino acids of the polypeptide.

Abstract: A practical high potency anti-craving medication is disclosed which comprises three components: an amino-acid component, a vitamin component, and a mineral component, wherein each component is selected for maximum efficacy in the body of an individual suffering from substance abuse disorder as opposed to the body of a healthy individual. Additionally, the active agents are received by means of a prolonged administration, preferably by means of an IV drip, thus assuring a period of time in which the active agents are present in desired concentrations, and more preferably a prolonged time during which they are simultaneously present in desired concentrations. The agents of each component are also selected so as to allow easy administration of the medication to patients in three vials of medication rather than as a large number of individual vials.

Abstract: A practical high potency anti-craving oral medication or combined oral/IV drip medication is disclosed which comprises three components: a group of amino-acid substances, a group of vitamin substances, and a group of minerals, wherein each substance is selected for maximum efficacy in the body of an individual suffering from substance abuse disorder as opposed to the body of a healthy individual. The ingredients of the invention are selected to cooperate in easing metabolization in the bodies of individuals suffering the various medical conditions associated with substance abuse. The ingredients are provided orally to ease administration and to provide convenient use by patients: the oral medication may be a maintenance dosage or a corrective dosage.