Abstract: A method of uniformly coating and repairing the surface of a conductive substrate comprising the steps of coating the conductive substrate with a basecoat, charging the basecoat with a charge of a given polarity, charging a repair material with a charge of the same polarity as the charged basecoat, applying the charged repair material to the charged basecoat whereby the flaws of the charged basecoat are repaired, and curing the repaired basecoat.

Abstract: Electrostatic printing or coating apparatus including a main drum for transporting developer mix to an application or printing zone and having permanent magnet segments mounted within the drum for attracting developer mix to its exterior surface. An electric field is produced in the printing zone to provide movement of developer particles toward the article to be printed or coated and a field producing electrode is mounted within the drum adjacent the printing zone. A container conveyor extends past the printing zone to provide positioning of container portions to be coated, and a further drum having interior permanent magnet segment is positioned to remove developer mix from the main drum. The further drum may be rotated in the rotational direction opposite that of the main drum to reduce developer turbulence.

Abstract: Apparatus for stirring developer mixtures including ferromagnetic particles. Developer is located within a magnetic field created by either permanent or electromagnets. The field intensity is variably controlled and the time-rate for decreasing the field intensity is controlled.