Abstract: A surface lighting device has one single light source and a light-guide-board. The board includes a light-guiding-section and a light-emitting-section. A shorter side of the light-guiding-section is not more than 8 mm, and an area of the light-emitting-section is not less than 500 mm2. The light-emitting-section has the following features: (1) a ratio of min. luminance vs. max. luminance of is not less than 0.3; (2) an average luminance ranges from 1 cd/m2 to 200 cd/m2, and (3) a change value in luminance per unit length is not more than (average luminance)×100 cd/m3. Employing plural light-emitting-elements in the light source allows the lighting device to produce versatile colors. The light source, light-guide-board and a holder are structured and shaped in optimum way, so that unevenness in luminance of the device is reduced. An LCD unit incorporating this surface lighting device increases its display quality, and a portable terminal incorporating this LCD unit produces easy-to-lead display.

Abstract: A surface lighting device has one single light source and a light-guide-board. The board includes a light-guiding-section and a light-emitting-section. A shorter side of the light-guiding-section is not more than 8 mm, and an area of the light-emitting-section is not less than 500 mm2. The light-emitting-section has the following features: (1) a ratio of min. luminance vs. max. luminance of is not less than 0.3; (2) an average luminance ranges from 1 cd/m2 to 200 cd/m2, and (3) a change value in luminance per unit length is not more than (average luminance)×100 cd/m3. Employing plural light-emitting-elements in the light source allows the lighting device to produce versatile colors. The light source, light-guide-board and a holder are structured and shaped in optimum way, so that unevenness in luminance of the device is reduced. An LCD unit incorporating this surface lighting device increases its display quality, and a portable terminal incorporating this LCD unit produces easy-to-lead display.

Abstract: A surface lighting device has one single light source and a light-guide-board. The board includes a light-guiding-section and a light-emitting-section. A shorter side of the light-guiding-section is not more than 8 mm, and an area of the light-emitting-section is not less than 500 mm2. The light-emitting-section has the following features: (1) a ratio of min. luminance vs. max. luminance is not less than 0.3; (2) an average luminance ranges from 1 cd/m2 to 200 cd/m2, and (3) a change in luminance per unit length is not more than (average luminance)×100 cd/m3. Employing plural light-emitting-elements in one light source allows the lighting device to produce versatile colors. The light source, light-guide-board and a holder are structured and shaped in optimum way, so that unevenness in luminance of the device is reduced. An LCD unit incorporating this surface lighting device increases its display quality, and a portable terminal incorporating this LCD unit produces easy-to-lead display.

Abstract: A surface lighting device has one single light source and a light-guide-board. The board includes a light-guiding-section and a light-emitting-section. A shorter side of the light-guiding-section is not more than 8 mm, and an area of the light-emitting-section is not less than 500 mm2. The light-emitting-section has the following features: (1) a ratio of min. luminance vs. max. luminance is not less than 0.3; (2) an average luminance ranges from 1 cd/m2 to 200 cd/m2, and (3) a change in luminance per unit length is not more than (average luminance)×100 cd/m3. Employing plural light-emitting-elements in one light source allows the lighting device to produce versatile colors. The light source, light-guide-board and a holder are structured and shaped in optimum way, so that unevenness in luminance of the device is reduced. An LCD unit incorporating this surface lighting device increases its display quality, and a portable terminal incorporating this LCD unit produces easy-to-lead display.

Abstract: The invention provides a motor which can reduce a generation of a cogging, has a thin size, and can generate a strong torque. In a motor having an armature including a back yoke formed in a cylindrical shape and a wound coil and a magnet formed in a cylindrical shape and magnetized by a plurality of magnetic poles on a cylindrical circumferential surface, the back yoke forms a convex portion protruding from the back yoke toward the magnet in a current switching portion of the coil. The invention further provided a disc apparatus using the motor mentioned above.

Abstract: A surface lighting device has one single light source and a light-guide-board. The board includes a light-guiding-section and a light-emitting-section. A shorter side of the light-guiding-section is not more than 8 mm, and an area of the light-emitting-section is not less than 500 mm2. The light-emitting-section has the following features: (1) a ratio of min. luminance vs. max. luminance is not less than 0.3; (2) an average luminance ranges from 1 cd/m2 to 200 cd/m2, arid (3) a change in luminance per unit length is not more than (average luminance)×100 cd/m3. Employing plural light-emitting-elements in one light source allows the lighting device to produce versatile colors. The light source, light-guide-board and a holder are structured and shaped in optimum way, so that unevenness in luminance of the device is reduced. An LCD unit incorporating this surface lighting device increases its display quality, and a portable terminal incorporating this LCD unit produces easy-to-lead display.

Abstract: The invention provides a motor which can reduce a generation of a cogging, has a thin size, and can generate a strong torque. In a motor having an armature including a back yoke formed in a cylindrical shape and a wound coil and a magnet formed in a cylindrical shape and magnetized by a plurality of magnetic poles on a cylindrical circumferential surface, the back yoke forms a convex portion protruding from the back yoke toward the magnet in a current switching portion of the coil. The invention further provided a disc apparatus using the motor mentioned above.

Abstract: The particulates, etc. deposited on the trap are burnt in such a manner that the trap is heated so that the temperature of the trap does not exceed 500° C. or the maximum temperature gradient in radial direction of the trap is 20° C./mm or less, preferably 10° C./mm or less.

Abstract: In a purifier for removing particulates from an exhaust gas, a pressure difference, and a flow rate of the air supplied to the filter element is adjusted in such a manner that a difference between a pressure difference of an air across a substantially invariable air flow resistance before the air reaches a filter element collecting and storing the particulates therein and a reference pressure difference is a predetermined value, while heating the air.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying method, an exhaust gas filter and an exhaust gas filter purifying apparatus reduce the quantity of collected particulates on the outer periphery of the exhaust gas filter and prevent insufficient combustion of particulates during regeneration. The exhaust gas purifying method purifies an exhaust gas by using an exhaust gas filter including a throughhole diaphragm formed into a honey-comb shape in an outer peripheral wall integrally with this outer peripheral wall. A sealing portion is formed on an end portion of a plurality of throughholes partitioned by the throughhole diaphragm, so that the quantity of particulates collected in the throughholes adjacent to the outer peripheral wall and the throughhole diaphragm is reduced as compared with the other portions. The exhaust gas filter has a second sealing portion formed in the throughholes adjacent to the outer peripheral wall and the sealing portion on one end surface of the exhaust gas filter.

Abstract: The amount of generation of heat per unit time due to combustion reaction of particulate matter is suppressed, and is made lower than the amount of heat radiation per unit time. By doing so, an abrupt temperature rise called "ignition" is prevented, and a temperature gradient in a filter is made small, thereby preventing unduly-high temperatures from developing. Therefore, the cracking of the filter as well as damage of the filter due to melting can be perfectly prevented, thereby enhancing the reliability. To achieve this, the whole of the filter is heated in such a manner that a temperature rise rate is not more than 10.degree. C./minute when the temperature in the filter is in the range of between 400.degree. C. and 600.degree. C. In the case where the filter carries an oxidizing catalyst, the heating is effected in such a manner that the temperature rise rate is not more than 10.degree. C./minute in the range of between 200.degree. C. and 400.degree. C.