Abstract: A medical retainer is provided capable of independently controlling supplying air and water to a hollow organ like a stomach and a lumen of a small intestine. The medical retainer for sealing a fluid, the retainer being subject to be retained in a gastrointestinal tract of a patient, the medical retainer includes: a sealing section for sealing the fluid, the sealing section making contact with a wall of the gastrointestinal tract; a main body having passageways; and directional valves disposed in the passageways for allowing one of upward flow and downward flow of the fluid relative to the position of the retainer.

Abstract: A medical procedure and a system are provided so that two visions are obtainable through natural orifices by means of two observational apparatuses, or one the two visions is selectable. The medical procedure through a natural orifice comprises: forming an orifice in a hollow organ by using a device inserted into the hollow organ from a natural orifice of a patient; introducing a first observation device from said orifice formed in said hollow organ into an abdominal cavity; introducing a second observation device from said orifice formed in said hollow organ into the abdominal cavity; arranging said second observation device in a position different from that of said first observation device; simultaneously or selectively displaying an image obtained from said first observation device and an image obtained from said second observation device; and performing a desired procedure in the abdominal cavity while confirming the images.

Abstract: An over-tube of the present invention is an over-tube which guides a device having an insertion section to be inserted into a body of a patient, when inserting the insertion section into or retracting the insertion section from the body of the patient, wherein: a gas-supplying passage is defined between an inner face of the over-tube and the device to be inserted into the over-tube; the gas-supplying passage communicates with a gas-supplying port which is provided on a proximal end side of the over-tube, and a communicating port which is formed on an over-tube insertion section and supplies a gas into a trachea of the patient; and a first sealing member which secures an air passage for communicating the gas-supplying passage and the trachea of the patient via the communicating rod by sealing between a body wall of the patient and the communicating port, is provided on a periphery of an over-tube insertion section.

Abstract: The medical procedure via a natural opening according to the present invention includes: adjusting the patient's body so that a target site on the anterior wall of a hollow organ faces in the direction opposite to the direction of gravitational force; introducing a liquid inflow conduit in the vicinity of the target site, and flowing liquid into the hollow organ via the liquid inflow conduit, to form a liquid holding area and a gas retaining area inside the hollow organ; introducing an observation device into the hollow organ, and confirming the position of the target site from the position of the gas retaining area; and incising while observation the target area.

Abstract: The medical procedure via a natural opening according to the present invention includes: disposing a target on the body surface near a target site on the inner wall of a hollow organ; introducing a guide member into the hollow organ via a natural natural opening, guiding the guide member to the target site using the target, and confirming the target site by means of a observation device; and carrying out a procedure at the target site while observing the target site.

Abstract: An endotracheal tube according to the present invention is used by being installed into a patient so as to use it together with a device having an insertion section which is inserted into the body. A portion overlapping with the device inserted into the patient is formed as a flat shape; and furthermore, an outer face portion formed along a longitudinal direction of a cross-section, of the portion formed in the flat shape contacts the device.

Abstract: A medical retainer is provided capable of independently controlling supplying air and water to a hollow organ like a stomach and a lumen of a small intestine. The medical retainer for sealing a fluid, the retainer being subject to be retained in a gastrointestinal tract of a patient, the medical retainer includes: a sealing section for sealing the fluid, the sealing section making contact with a wall of the gastrointestinal tract; a main body having passageways; and directional valves disposed in the passageways for allowing one of upward flow and downward flow of the fluid relative to the position of the retainer.

Abstract: A medical procedure through a natural body orifice according to the present invention includes: introducing a first device having an insertion portion, from a patient's natural orifice into a hollow organ; performing a first medical procedure using the first device; withdrawing the first device from the body, and introducing a second device having an insertion portion, from a patient's natural orifice into the body; and performing a second medical procedure using the second device, wherein the first medical procedure is performed prior to the second medical procedure for performing the second medical procedure.

Abstract: A medical procedure and a system are provided so that two visions are obtainable through natural orifices by means of two observational apparatuses, or one the two visions is selectable. The medical procedure through a natural orifice comprises: forming an orifice in a hollow organ by using a device inserted into the hollow organ from a natural orifice of a patient; introducing a first observation device from said orifice formed in said hollow organ into an abdominal cavity; introducing a second observation device from said orifice formed in said hollow organ into the abdominal cavity; arranging said second observation device in a position different from that of said first observation device; simultaneously or selectively displaying an image obtained from said first observation device and an image obtained from said second observation device; and performing a desired procedure in the abdominal cavity while confirming the images.

Abstract: A medical procedure performed inside an abdominal cavity includes: performing a first treatment at a target position inside the abdominal cavity by a first apparatus that has been introduced percutaneously into the abdominal cavity; and performing a second treatment, using a second apparatus that has been introduced into the abdominal cavity via a natural aperture of a living body, in cooperation with the first apparatus inside the abdominal cavity, or alternatively, performing a second treatment that is necessitated as a result of the first treatment being performed after the first treatment has been performed.

Abstract: The medical procedure via a natural opening according to the present invention includes: adjusting the patient's body so that a target site on the anterior wall of a hollow organ faces in the direction opposite to the direction of gravitational force; introducing a liquid inflow conduit in the vicinity of the target site, and flowing liquid into the hollow organ via the liquid inflow conduit, to form a liquid holding area and a gas retaining area inside the hollow organ; introducing an observation device into the hollow organ, and confirming the position of the target site from the position of the gas retaining area; and incising while observation the target area.

Abstract: An over-tube of the present invention is an over-tube which guides a device having an insertion section to be inserted into a body of a patient, when inserting the insertion section into or retracting the insertion section from the body of the patient, wherein: a gas-supplying passage is defined between an inner face of the over-tube and the device to be inserted into the over-tube; the gas-supplying passage communicates with a gas-supplying port which is provided on a proximal end side of the over-tube, and a communicating port which is formed on an over-tube insertion section and supplies a gas into a trachea of the patient; and a sealing member which surrounds the communicating port and seals between a body wall of the patient and the communicating port, is provided on a periphery of an over-tube insertion section.

Abstract: A leak test method for a medical procedure via a natural orifice includes: inflating the abdominal cavity by introducing a gas into the abdominal cavity via a conduit inserted from the abdominal cavity after closing an opening that communicates between the inside of a hollow organ and the inside of the abdominal cavity using an instrument inserted via the patient's natural orifice; monitoring no leakage between the hollow organ and the abdominal cavity of a fluid passing through the closed opening; and removing the conduit inserted into the abdominal cavity once no leakage of the fluid has been confirmed.

Abstract: A medical procedure performed via a natural orifice comprises: inserting a puncture device from an abdominal wall side into the vicinity of a target site in a hollow organ, and protruding the distal end thereof inside the hollow organ; introducing an observation device into the hollow organ via a natural orifice of a living body, and setting a target site at the hollow organ by checking the puncture device as an indicator; and treating the target site confirmed by the observation device by using an treatment device inserted via a natural orifice.

Abstract: An endotracheal tube according to the present invention is used by being installed into a patient so as to use it together with a device having an insertion section which is inserted into the body. A portion overlapping with the device inserted into the patient is formed as a flat shape; and furthermore, an outer face portion formed along a longitudinal direction of a cross-section, of the portion formed in the flat shape contacts the device.

Abstract: A medical procedure through a natural orifice according to the present invention comprises: forming an orifice in a hollow organ by using a device inserted into the hollow organ from a natural orifice of a patient; introducing a first observation device from the orifice formed in the hollow organ into an abdominal cavity; introducing a second observation device from the orifice formed in the hollow organ into the abdominal cavity; arranging the second observation device in a position different from that of the first observation device; simultaneously or selectively displaying an image obtained from the first observation device and an image obtained from the second observation device; and performing a desired procedure in the abdominal cavity while confirming the images.

Abstract: The medical procedure via a natural opening according to the present invention includes: disposing a target on the body surface near a target site on the inner wall of a hollow organ; introducing a guide member into the hollow organ via a natural natural opening, guiding the guide member to the target site using the target, and confirming the target site by means of a observation device; and carrying out a procedure at the target site while observing the target site.

Abstract: When a living tissue of a ligation target is ligated by means of a snare wire, the snare wire is brought into contact with the living tissue of a ligation target, on a large contact face by means for preventing living tissue cut-in of a ligation target of at least one of a distal end chip and a rear end ring of a loop section of the snare wire, thereby preventing the living tissue of a ligation target from cutting into a contact face of at least one of the distal end chip and rear end ring of the loop section.