Abstract: An inside regular filler layer is disposed inside a pipe where heat is exchanged between an inside and an outside of a pipe wall so as to abut an inner peripheral surface of the pipe, and an outside regular filler layer is disposed outside the pipe so as to surround the pipe and closely contact an outer peripheral surface of the pipe. The outer peripheral surface of the pipe is subjected to close contact-promoting processing in order to enhance close contacting feature between the outer peripheral surface and the outside regular filler layer. The pipe/filler unit is used for the distillation section of an internal heat exchanging type distillation column.

Abstract: To provide a method for producing a polymer for semiconductor lithography which can attain high uniformity in the polymer from lot to lot. The method for producing a polymer for semiconductor lithography includes the step (P) of heating a polymerizable monomer and a polymerization initiator in a solvent, to thereby polymerize the monomer, the step (P) having the step of controlling a polymerization pressure by regulating a liquid level in a container (WO) which is disposed between a polymerization tank and the atmospheric air and which provides liquid sealing.

Abstract: To provide a method for producing a polymer for semiconductor lithography which can attain high uniformity in the polymer from lot to lot. The method for producing a polymer for semiconductor lithography includes the step (P) of heating a polymerizable monomer and a polymerization initiator in a solvent, to thereby polymerize the monomer, the step (P) having the step of controlling a polymerization pressure by regulating a liquid level in a container (WO) which is disposed between a polymerization tank and the atmospheric air and which provides liquid sealing.

Abstract: An inside regular filler layer is disposed inside a pipe where heat is exchanged between an inside and an outside of a pipe wall so as to abut an inner peripheral surface of the pipe, and an outside regular filler layer is disposed outside the pipe so as to surround the pipe and closely contact an outer peripheral surface of the pipe. The outer peripheral surface of the pipe is subjected to close contact-promoting processing in order to enhance close contacting feature between the outer peripheral surface and the outside regular filler layer. The pipe/filler unit is used for the distillation section of an internal heat exchanging type distillation column.

Abstract: When preparing carbon artefacts from heavy oils of petroleum or coal origin, removal of undesirable components or recovery of desirable components from raw materials or intermediates is usually required so as to improve the quality of the final products. Such removal or recovery operation is conventionally done by filtration. In the past, regeneration of filters clogged with solid carbonaceous materials inevitably formed by the filtration operations is difficult and troublesome procedures. Herein disclosed is a simple and effective process for regenerating filters clogged with solid carboneceous materials, characterized by treating the filter medium in an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide with heating and then optionally conducting ultrasonic washing in water or a solvent. By this simple process, clogged filters can be regenerated completely to show the same filtration performance as new filters.