Abstract: A metal-air battery comprising an emulsified or dispersed aqueous/ionic liquid two phase electrolyte system is provided. The two phase electrolyte system contains an aqueous phase and an ionic liquid phase wherein an amount of water exceeds the aqueous solubility of the ionic liquid. In one embodiment the metal-air battery is a lithium-air battery.

Abstract: A lithium-air electrochemical cell is provided. The battery comprises: an anode compartment; a cathode compartment; and a lithium ion conductive membrane separating the anode compartment from the cathode compartment. The anode compartment comprises an anode having lithium, a lithium alloy or a porous material capable of adsorption and release of lithium and a lithium ion electrolyte, while the cathode compartment comprises an air electrode, an ionic liquid capable of supporting the reduction of oxygen and a dissolved concentration of potassium superoxide. A lithium ion concentration in the cathode compartment is low in comparison to the concentration of potassium ion.

Abstract: An organic active material, having good energy density and electrochemical stability, for use in an electrochemical cell is disclosed. Electrochemical cells that employ the organic active material are also disclosed. The organic active material is a bridged-ring organic molecule having a nitroxy moiety, the nitroxy moiety being capable of two-electron oxidation/reduction through three distinct redox states. In different implementations, the organic active material can be incorporated in a solid electrode or can be employed as a fluid active material such as is useful for a flow cell. In different variations, the organic active material can be employed as a cathodic active material or as an anodic active material.

Abstract: An aqueous electrolyte composition suitable for a lithium ion battery is provided. The aqueous electrolyte composition contains water, at least one of a linear ether and a cyclic ether and a lithium fluoroalkylsulfonyl salt. A lithium ion battery containing the aqueous electrolyte and a vehicle at least partially powered by the battery are also provided.

Abstract: A liquid catholyte as well as electrochemical cells and automotive vehicles employing the liquid catholyte are disclosed. The liquid catholyte includes a quinone as redox active material and a fluoroalkylsulfonyl salt as charge balancing agent and is characterized by a liquid form of the redox active material regardless of redox state. The liquid catholyte can thus have utility as a catholyte in a flow battery.

Abstract: A method for production of a magnesium battery with low impedance is provided. A cell is constructed comprising an uncoated current collector anode, an electrolyte system comprising a non-aqueous solvent and a magnesium salt soluble in the non-aqueous solvent, and a cathode. The cell is charged to electrodeposit magnesium metal unto the uncoated current collector to obtain an anode having magnesium metal as the active material. Also provided are rechargeable magnesium batteries obtained by the method.

Abstract: A lithium-air electrochemical cell is provided. The battery comprises: an anode compartment; a cathode compartment; and a lithium ion conductive membrane separating the anode compartment from the cathode compartment. The anode compartment comprises an anode having lithium, a lithium alloy or a porous material capable of adsorption and release of lithium and a lithium ion electrolyte, while the cathode compartment comprises an air electrode, an ionic liquid capable of supporting the reduction of oxygen and a dissolved concentration of potassium superoxide. A lithium ion concentration in the cathode compartment is low in comparison to the concentration of potassium ion.

Abstract: A metal-air battery comprising a two phase electrolyte system is provided. The two phase electrolyte system contains an aqueous phase and an ionic liquid phase wherein an amount of water exceeds the aqueous solubility of the ionic liquid. In one embodiment the metal-air battery is a lithium-air battery.

Abstract: A lithium-air electrochemical cell is provided. The battery comprises: an anode compartment; a cathode compartment; and a lithium ion conductive membrane separating the anode compartment from the cathode compartment. The anode compartment comprises an anode having lithium or a lithium alloy as active metal and a lithium ion electrolyte, while the cathode compartment comprises an air electrode and an ionic liquid capable of supporting the reduction of oxygen. A lithium ion concentration in the cathode compartment is such that the lithium ion concentration is greatest at the lithium ion selective membrane and lowest at the cathode.

Abstract: An organic active material, having good energy density and electrochemical stability, for use in an electrochemical cell is disclosed. Electrochemical cells that employ the organic active material are also disclosed. The organic active material is a bridged-ring organic molecule having a nitroxy moiety, the nitroxy moiety being capable of two-electron oxidation/reduction through three distinct redox states. In different implementations, the organic active material can be incorporated in a solid electrode or can be employed as a fluid active material such as is useful for a flow cell. In different variations, the organic active material can be employed as a cathodic active material or as an anodic active material.

Abstract: A liquid catholyte as well as electrochemical cells and automotive vehicles employing the liquid catholyte are disclosed. The liquid catholyte includes a quinone as redox active material and a fluoroalkylsulfonyl salt as charge balancing agent and is characterized by a liquid form of the redox active material regardless of redox state. The liquid catholyte can thus have utility as a catholyte in a flow battery.

Abstract: A method for production of a magnesium battery with low impedance is provided. A cell is constructed comprising an uncoated current collector anode, an electrolyte system comprising a non-aqueous solvent and a magnesium salt soluble in the non-aqueous solvent, and a cathode. The cell is charged to electrodeposit magnesium metal unto the uncoated current collector to obtain an anode having magnesium metal as the active material. Also provided are rechargeable magnesium batteries obtained by the method.

Abstract: A lithium air battery is provided. The battery comprises: an anode compartment; a cathode compartment supplied with an O2 source; and a lithium ion conductive membrane separating the anode compartment from the cathode compartment. The anode compartment comprises an anode having lithium or a lithium alloy as active metal and a lithium ion electrolyte, while the cathode compartment comprises an air electrode and a sodium ion electrolyte. The anode compartment is separated from the cathode compartment by a lithium ion conductive membrane that is not permeable to sodium ions. In a preferred embodiment the cathode compartment contains an ionic liquid.

Abstract: A metal-air battery comprising an emulsified or dispersed aqueous/ionic liquid two phase electrolyte system is provided. The two phase electrolyte system contains an aqueous phase and an ionic liquid phase wherein an amount of water exceeds the aqueous solubility of the ionic liquid. In one embodiment the metal-air battery is a lithium-air battery.

Abstract: A metal-air battery comprising a two phase electrolyte system is provided. The two phase electrolyte system contains an aqueous phase and an ionic liquid phase wherein an amount of water exceeds the aqueous solubility of the ionic liquid. In one embodiment the metal-air battery is a lithium-air battery.

Abstract: A lithium air battery is provided. The battery comprises: an anode compartment; a cathode compartment supplied with an O2 source; and a lithium ion conductive membrane separating the anode compartment from the cathode compartment. The anode compartment comprises an anode having lithium or a lithium alloy as active metal and a lithium ion electrolyte, while the cathode compartment comprises an air electrode and a sodium ion electrolyte. The anode compartment is separated from the cathode compartment by a lithium ion conductive membrane that is not permeable to sodium ions. In a preferred embodiment the cathode compartment contains an ionic liquid.

Abstract: A lithium-air electrochemical cell is provided. The battery comprises: an anode compartment; a cathode compartment; and a lithium ion conductive membrane separating the anode compartment from the cathode compartment. The anode compartment comprises an anode having lithium or a lithium alloy as active metal and a lithium ion electrolyte, while the cathode compartment comprises an air electrode and an ionic liquid capable of supporting the reduction of oxygen. A lithium ion concentration in the cathode compartment is such that the lithium ion concentration is greatest at the lithium ion selective membrane and lowest at the cathode.

Abstract: In an F-type electrochemical cell 20, in a casing 21, a positive electrode 23 in which carbon dioxide gas is used as a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode 25 are placed so as to face each other with a separator 27 therebetween, and an electrolyte solution 28 is injected between the positive electrode 23 and the negative electrode 25. A tank 30 storing carbon dioxide gas is connected to the positive electrode 23, and carbon dioxide gas is supplied to the positive electrode 23 through a holding member 29. By supplying carbon dioxide gas to the positive electrode in such a manner, the cell can be operated as a battery. Furthermore, when used a primary battery, carbon dioxide can be immobilized in the battery, which is desirable.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell 10 includes a case 12 serving as an insulating tube, an inner container 13 disposed on the inside wall of the case 12, a separator 14 separating the inside of the case 12 into a positive electrode chamber 20 and a negative electrode chamber 30, a mixed molten liquid 22 which is stored in the positive electrode chamber 20 and which contains a positive electrode active material and a supporting electrolyte, and a negative electrode active material 32 stored in the negative electrode chamber 30. The mixed molten liquid is a liquid obtained by mixing a radical compound having a nitroxyl radical site and serving as an active material and a metal salt having a fluoroalkylsulfonyl site and serving as a supporting electrolyte.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell 10 includes a case 12 serving as an insulating tube, an inner container 13 disposed on the inside wall of the case 12, a separator 14 separating the inside of the case 12 into a positive electrode chamber 20 and a negative electrode chamber 30, a mixed molten liquid 22 which is stored in the positive electrode chamber 20 and which contains a positive electrode active material and a supporting electrolyte, and a negative electrode active material 32 stored in the negative electrode chamber 30. The mixed molten liquid is a liquid obtained by mixing a radical compound having a nitroxyl radical site and serving as an active material and a metal salt having a fluoroalkylsulfonyl site and serving as a supporting electrolyte.