Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention includes a waveguide. The waveguide comprises an elongated member having a conductive bottom surface and a hollow channel. The hollow channel is defined by a first conductive sidewall, a second conductive sidewall, and a conductive inner surface. The waveguide also comprises a plurality of conductive ridge portions projecting from the conductive inner surface and extending between the first conductive sidewall and the second conductive sidewall. The conductive ridge portions can partition the hollow channel into a plurality of hollow recesses. The waveguide further comprises a plurality of switches associated with each of at least one of the plurality of conductive ridge portions. At least one of the plurality of switches associated with a respective one of the plurality of conductive ridge portions can be activated to couple the respective one of the plurality of conductive ridge portions to the conductive bottom surface.

Abstract: A reflective Fresnel lens for shaping an incident wave for efficiently delivering the incident wave to an array of receivers, having a wavelength within a predetermined range. The Fresnel lens comprises a ground plate and a plurality of reflective elements formed at various levels of the ground plate. The predetermined range includes millimeter wavelength range, sub-millimeter wavelength range or microwave wavelength range.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a ridge waveguide filter having a slow-wave structure. The ridge waveguide is formed of a conductive sidewall-from metallic materials and may be in the form of a hollow tube, such as a rectangular hollow tube or a circular hollow tube, for example. The method comprises the steps of: forming a conductive body portion of an elongate hollow tube, wherein the body portion has an open top a bottom wall, two opposing side walls and an open top; providing a substrate having a top surface onto which a plurality of photoresist layers are formed; etching the top surface of the substrate to form a plurality of trenches in the substrate; plating the etched substrate surface with a layer of conductive material; and attaching the etched substrate to the conductive body portion to cover the open top of the conductive body portion.

Abstract: A distributed interconnect and a method is provided for interconnecting electrical components which minimizes coupling inductance and increases bandwidth. The interconnect includes a transmission line with a first and second conductive transmission element. The first conductive transmission element is disposed between a first and second terminal, and has an impedance characteristic that increases from the first terminal to the second terminal. The second conductive transmission element is disposed between a third and fourth terminal, and has an impedance characteristic that increases from the third terminal to said fourth terminal. The conductive transmission elements are furthermore positioned in parallel alignment with respect to each other.

Abstract: A ridge waveguide filter having a slow-wave structure. The ridge waveguide has an elongate hollow tube formed of a conductive sidewall. At least a first part of the conductive sidewall periodically is recessed along an elongate direction of the hollow tube, such that a plurality of ridges is formed to project in the hollow tube. The sidewall is fabricated from metallic materials. The hollow tube includes a rectangular hollow tube or a circular hollow tube, for example. The ridges are equally spaced from and parallel with each other. Each of the ridges has a bottom surface parallel with a second part of the conductive sidewall. The second part of the conductive sidewall is opposite to the first part of the conductive sidewall.