Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, and a photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive substrate, in which an outermost surface layer contains a charge transport material, a polyarylate resin having at least one dicarboxylic acid unit selected from the group composed of a dicarboxylic acid unit (A2) represented by Formula (A2), a dicarboxylic acid unit (A3) represented by Formula (A3), a dicarboxylic acid unit (A4) represented by Formula (A4), and a dicarboxylic acid unit (A5) represented by Formula (A5) and a diol unit represented by Formula (B), and a polycarbonate resin, and a weight-average molecular weight MwA of the polyarylate resin and a weight-average molecular weight MwB of the polycarbonate resin satisfy ?14?100×(MwA?MwB)/MwA?14, in Formula (A2), n201 and n202 are each independently an integer of 0 or greater and 4 or less, and n201 pieces of Ra201's and n202 pieces of Ra202's are each independently an alkyl group having 1 or more and 10 or less carbon ato

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, and a photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive substrate, in which an outermost surface layer contains a first resin, a second resin, a charge transport material, and an antioxidant, at least one of the first resin or the second resin has a constitutional unit including a biphenyl represented by Formula (BPa), at least one of the charge transport material or the antioxidant has at least one of the biphenyl represented by Formula (BPa) or a biphenyl represented by Formula (BPb) in a molecule, and in a case where the number of the biphenyls per unit molecular weight of each of the first resin, the second resin, the charge transport material, and the antioxidant is denoted by BP1, BP2, BP3, and BP4, and in a case where a proportion (% by mass) of each of the first resin, the second resin, the charge transport material, and the antioxidant in a total amount of the first resin, the second resin, the charge transport material, and the anti

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, and a photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive substrate, in which an outermost surface layer contains a charge transport material, a polyarylate resin, and silicone oil, and a content of the silicone oil is 0.001 ppm or more and 15000.000 ppm or less with respect to the outermost surface layer, and a residual amount of an aromatic carboxylic acid halide per unit mass of the outermost surface layer is 15×10?8 mol/g or less.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photoreceptor, and a charging device including a charging member that charges a surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor and a cleaning member that is disposed in contact with the charging member, in which the electrophotographic photoreceptor has a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive substrate, and an outermost surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains a charge transport material and a polyarylate resin having a dicarboxylic acid unit represented by Formula (A) and a diol unit represented by Formula (B), the cleaning member has a core metal and a foamed elastic layer provided in a helical shape on an outer peripheral surface of the core metal, and a value of a ratio T/W of a thickness T of the foamed elastic layer to a width W of the foamed elastic layer is 0.6 or more and 1.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, and a photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive substrate, in which an outermost surface layer contains a charge transport material, a polyarylate resin having a dicarboxylic acid unit represented by Formula (A) and a diol unit represented by Formula (B), a polycarbonate resin, and a phenolic compound having 3 or fewer phenolic functional groups and a molecular weight of 300 or more, and a value of a dielectric loss tangent tan ? of the outermost surface layer at a frequency of 1 Hz is 0.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, an undercoat layer disposed on the conductive substrate, and a lamination-type photosensitive layer disposed on the undercoat layer and having a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer, in which the charge transport layer contains a charge transport material and a polyarylate resin, the polyarylate resin contains a dicarboxylic acid unit represented by Formula (A) and a diol unit represented by Formula (B), and an electrostatic capacity of the undercoat layer is 1.0×10?10 F or more and 3.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, and a lamination-type photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive substrate and having a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer, in which the charge transport layer contains a polyarylate resin having a dicarboxylic acid unit (A) represented by Formula (A) and a diol unit (B) represented by Formula (B), the charge generation layer contains, as a charge generation material, a chlorogallium phthalocyanine, and a value of a content of a binder resin to a total content of the binder resin and the charge generation material in the charge generation layer is more than 0.4 and less than 0.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, a charge generation layer disposed on the conductive substrate, and a charge transport layer disposed on the charge generation layer, in which the charge transport layer contains a phenolic compound, a polyarylate resin, a polycarbonate resin, and a charge transport material, and each of a vector distance DISHT (J/cm3)1/2 between an HSP value of the charge transport material and an HSP value of the polyarylate resin, and a vector distance DISPC (J/cm3)1/2 between the HSP value of the polycarbonate resin and the HSP value of the polyarylate resin, which are calculated based on a Hansen solubility parameter, satisfies Expression (1) and Expression (2), D ? I ? S H ? T ? 3.9 , Expression ? ( 1 ) 9.2 ? D ? I ? S P ? C < 1 ? 2 . 0 .

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, a first undercoat layer that is provided on the conductive substrate, a second undercoat layer that is provided on the first undercoat layer, and a photosensitive layer that is provided on the second undercoat layer, in which the first undercoat layer contains at least one electron transport material selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by Formula (1), a compound represented Formula (2), and a compound represented by Formula (3), and a binder resin, and a content of silica particles in the first undercoat layer is 0% by mass or 5% by mass or less, and the second undercoat layer contains at least one electron transport material selected from the group consisting of the compound represented by Formula (1), the compound represented Formula (2), and the compound represented by Formula (3), silica particles, and a binder resin, and a content of the silica particles in the second undercoat layer is larger than the content

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, an undercoat layer that is provided on the conductive substrate and contains an electron transport material and a binder resin, a charge generation layer that is provided on the undercoat layer, and a charge transport layer that is provided on the charge generation layer, in which, in the undercoat layer, a ratio (X1/X2) of a content X1 (% by mass) of the electron transport material in a region within 4% in a thickness direction of the undercoat layer from an interface between the undercoat layer and the charge generation layer to a content X2 (% by mass) of the electron transport material in a region exceeding 4% in the thickness direction of the undercoat layer from the interface between the undercoat layer and the charge generation layer is 0 or 78 or less.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photoreceptor in which a conductive substrate, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer are laminated in this order, a charging device that charges a surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, an electrostatic latent image forming device that forms an electrostatic latent image on the charged surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, a developing device that develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor with a developer containing a toner to form a toner image, a transfer device that transfers the toner image to a surface of a recording medium, and a cleaning device that has a cleaning blade for cleaning the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor with a contact line pressure of 2.4 gf/mm or more and 4.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, and a photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive substrate, in which an outermost surface layer contains a charge transport material, two or more kinds of resins, and a phenolic compound, and RzJIS on an outer peripheral surface is 0.1 nm or more and 100 nm or less.

Abstract: A positively chargeable electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a single layer-type photosensitive layer that contains a hole transport material, an electron transport material, a charge generation material, and a binder resin, in which the binder resin contains a resin A having an elastic deformation rate of 53.0% or more and a resin B having an elastic deformation rate difference of 12% or more and 17% or less with respect to the resin A.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes: a conductive substrate; and a photosensitive layer that is disposed on the conductive substrate and has a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer. The charge transport layer contains a charge-transporting material and a polyarylate resin having a dicarboxylic acid unit represented by formula (A) and a diol unit represented by formula (B). The mass ratio of the charge-transporting material in the charge transport layer is 56 mass % or more and 70 mass % or less. In formula (A), n1 is 1, 2, or 3, n1 m1's are each independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, and m1 Ra1's are each independently a C1-C10 alkyl group, a C6-C12 aryl group, or a C1-C6 alkoxy group.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, and a photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive substrate, in which an outermost surface layer is a layer containing a charge transport material and a binder resin and having a breaking energy of 10 mJ/mm3 or greater, and an outer peripheral surface has a dynamic friction coefficient of 0.5 or greater and 1.0 or less.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes an outermost layer that contains a charge transport material and a binder resin, in which the binder resin includes a polyester resin PA having an elastic deformation rate XA of 53.0% or greater and a polycarbonate resin PB having an elastic deformation rate XB that is less than the elastic deformation rate XA of the polyester resin PA by a range of 5% or greater and 12% or less.

Abstract: A robot hand includes a motor, claws configured to grip a workpiece in accordance with rotation of the motor, an encoder configured to detect a rotational position of the motor, and a control device configured to control a torque of the motor such that the claws grip the workpiece in accordance with the rotational position.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photoreceptor that includes a conductive substrate, an undercoat layer provided on the conductive substrate, containing a binder resin and an electron transport material, and satisfying Expression 1-1, and a photosensitive layer provided on the undercoat layer, a charging device that charges a surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, an electrostatic latent image forming device that forms an electrostatic latent image on the charged surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, a developing device that develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor with a developer containing a toner to form a toner image, and a transfer device that transfers the toner image to a surface of a recording medium, in which a moving time of an outer peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, required from charging performed by the charging device to development performed by the developin

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photoreceptor that includes a conductive substrate, an undercoat layer provided on the conductive substrate, containing a binder resin and an electron transport material, and satisfying Expression 1-1, and a photosensitive layer provided on the undercoat layer, a charging device that charges a surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, an electrostatic latent image forming device that forms an electrostatic latent image on the charged surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, a developing device that develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor with a developer containing a toner to form a toner image, and a transfer device that transfers the toner image to a surface of a recording medium, in which a moving time of an outer peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, required from charging performed by the charging device to development performed by the developin

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photoreceptor that has an outermost surface layer containing fluorine-containing resin particles, a charge transport material, and a binder resin, in which the number of carboxy groups contained in the fluorine-containing resin particles is 0 or greater and 30 or less per 106 carbon atoms, and the outermost surface layer has a tan ? of 0.025 or greater and 0.