Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin, and an external additive, wherein the external additive comprises a fatty acid metal salt particle; the toner comprises fumaric acid; with a (mol/g) as a content of the fumaric acid in the toner, and with b (mol/g) as a content of the fatty acid metal salt particle in the toner, Formula (1) below is satisfied: 0 . 5 ? 0 ? a / b ? 7 ? 0 ? .00 .

Abstract: A travel control apparatus includes: a detection unit configured to detect an exterior environment situation around a subject vehicle; and a microprocessor configured to perform: recognizing, based on a detected value of the detection unit, a traveling state of a preceding vehicle on a current lane; determining, based on a recognized result in the recognizing, whether the preceding vehicle has started making a turn; estimating a traveling trajectory of the preceding vehicle through a Kalman filter to which a physical quantity representing the traveling state of the preceding vehicle is to be inputted as an input value; and controlling a traveling actuator based on an estimated result to make the subject vehicle follow the preceding vehicle. The estimating includes estimating, when the preceding vehicle has started making the turn, varying a weight for the Kalman filter.

Abstract: A travel control apparatus includes: a detection unit configured to detect an exterior environment situation around a subject vehicle; and a microprocessor configured to perform: recognizing, based on a detected value of the detection unit, a traveling state of a preceding vehicle on a current lane; determining, based on a recognized result, whether the preceding vehicle has started a deceleration; estimating a traveling trajectory of the preceding vehicle through a Kalman filter to which a physical quantity representing the traveling state of the preceding vehicle is to be inputted as an input value; and controlling a traveling actuator based on an estimated result to make the subject vehicle follow the preceding vehicle. The estimating includes, when it is determined that the preceding vehicle has started the deceleration, varying a weight for the Kalman filter.

Abstract: An optical transmission apparatus includes an emitter that emits an optical signal in accordance with a bias current, and a Mach-Zehnder optical modulator that optically modulates the optical signal in accordance with an electrical signal. The optical modulator includes a detector that detects a temperature inside the optical modulator, and a controller that, when detecting activation of a power supply, controls the temperature inside the optical modulator such that the temperature detected by the detector reaches a target temperature.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes a first detection unit which detects an object around a vehicle, a second detection unit of which at least a part of a detection range overlaps a detection range of the first detection unit and which detects an object around the vehicle, and a determination unit which determines whether or not the object has started to move on the basis of detection results of the first detection unit and the second detection unit. The determination unit determines that the object has started to move in a case in which the vehicle and the object are in a halted state when a detection result of the first detection unit indicates that the object has started to move and a detection result of the second detection unit indicates that the object has started to move.

Abstract: A recognition device includes an acquisition unit configured to acquire a first detection result from a LIDAR that detects a target present in a traveling direction of a vehicle and to acquire a second detection result from a camera disposed so that the detection range overlaps that of the LIDAR, and a recognition unit configured to recognize a target present around the vehicle on the basis of the first detection result and the second detection result, in which the recognition unit executes exclusion processing of excluding a target, that satisfies all of a first condition indicating that a target is present within a predetermined distance from the vehicle, a second condition indicating that a target is detected by the LIDAR and is not detected by the camera, and a third condition indicating that a width of a target is equal to or less than a predetermined value and a detection duration thereof is equal to or less than a predetermined time, from a result of recognition recognized as a target present around th

Abstract: The diffusor has a microlens array including microlenses with the bases placed on a plane. Concerning a curved surface of each microlens, the following expressions are satisfied, where in a cross section perpendicular to the plane and containing a straight line passing through the projection point onto the plane of the vertex and maximizing a distance between two points of the straight line on the periphery of the base, coordinate along the straight line, coordinate of the curved surface of the microlens in the direction perpendicular to the plane, the maximum value of the first derivative of z? with respect to x?, the absolute value of the second derivative of z? with respect to x? at x? coordinate of the projection point and the absolute value at x? coordinate of an end of the straight line are represented respectively by x?, z?, d, D0 and D.

Abstract: A vehicle control apparatus including a camera, a detector acquiring position information of a target based on reflected wave and a microprocessor. The microprocessor is configured to perform estimating a position of the target, based on position information acquired by the camera and the detector, controlling an actuator based on the estimated position, and detecting a predetermined gradient state in which a gradient of a road surface in front of a subject vehicle is an upward gradient of a predetermined degree or more with respect to a road surface at a current position of the subject vehicle and is configured to perform the estimating including estimating the position of the target by lowering a reliability of position information acquired by the camera among position information of the target captured on the road surface in the predetermined gradient state when the predetermined gradient state is detected.

Abstract: A thin film laminate comprises a metal layer consisting of a metal, and a thin film laminated on the surface of the metal layer, wherein a first direction is defined as one direction parallel to the surface of the metal layer, and a second direction is defined as one direction parallel to the surface of the metal layer and crossing the first direction; and the metal layer contains a plurality of first metal grains consisting of the metal and extending in the first direction on the surface of the metal layer, and a plurality of second metal grains consisting of the metal and extending in the second direction on the surface of the metal layer.

Abstract: An imaging optical system wherein the number of lenses is three to seven, one to four lenses, each of which is an aspheric lens in which radius of curvature of each of both surfaces is infinity in the paraxial region and which has a power of the third-order aberration region in the peripheral area are provided, the first lens from the object side is a negative lens or the aspheric lens, the relationship 0 . 1 ? 8 < ( ? i = 1 i = n ? "\[LeftBracketingBar]" 1 f i ? "\[RightBracketingBar]" ) · f n < 0 . 9 is satisfied where i represents a natural number, fi represents focal length of the i-th lens from the object side, f represents focal length of the whole system and n represents the number of the lenses, and the relationship 40°<HFOV<80° is satisfied where HFOV represents angle that the principal ray of bundle of rays that enters the imaging optical system and reaches the maximum value of image height forms with the optical axis.

Abstract: A recognition device includes an acquisition unit configured to acquire a first detection result from a LIDAR that detects a target present in a traveling direction of a vehicle and to acquire a second detection result from a camera disposed so that the detection range overlaps that of the LIDAR, and a recognition unit configured to recognize a target present around the vehicle on the basis of the first detection result and the second detection result, in which the recognition unit executes exclusion processing of excluding a target, that satisfies all of a first condition indicating that a target is present within a predetermined distance from the vehicle, a second condition indicating that a target is detected by the LIDAR and is not detected by the camera, and a third condition indicating that a width of a target is equal to or less than a predetermined value and a detection duration thereof is equal to or less than a predetermined time, from a result of recognition recognized as a target present around th

Abstract: A deceleration detection apparatus including an object detection device that detects an object around a subject vehicle, a rainfall detection device that detects a rainfall state around the subject vehicle, a brightness detection device that detects a brightness around the subject vehicle, and an electronic control unit including a microprocessor and a memory connected to the microprocessor. The microprocessor is configured to perform determining whether a forward vehicle traveling in front of the subject vehicle decelerates, based on an amount of change in a vehicle speed of the forward vehicle detected by the object detection device, a lighting state of a brake lamp of the forward vehicle detected by the object detection device, the rainfall state detected by the rainfall detection device, and the brightness detected by the brightness detection device.

Abstract: A lens for headlamps of vehicles provided with a diffraction grating on a surface, wherein a phase function of the diffraction grating is represented by ? ? ( r ) = ? i = 1 N ? ? ? 2 ? i ? r 2 ? i where r represents distance from the central axis of the lens, and the relationship |?2|·(0.3R)2<|?4|·(0.3R)4 is satisfied where R represents effective radius of the lens, and wherein a second derivative of the phase function has at least one extreme value and at least one point of inflection where r is greater than 30% of R, a difference in spherical aberration between the maximum value and the minimum value at any value of r in 0?r?R is equal to or less than the longitudinal chromatic aberration for visible light, the diffraction grating is at least partially on the surface where r is greater than 30%, and the relationship 1 < ? ? ? ( R ) R 2 ? < 10 is satisfied.

Abstract: The optical system includes an optical element having a curvature in a first direction alone; and first and second lens array surfaces. Each of the lens array surfaces is provided with plural toroidal lens surfaces arranged in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, the plural lens surfaces have a curvature mainly in the second direction, any lens surface on one of the lens array surfaces corresponds to one of the toroidal lens surfaces on the other, the direction of a first straight line connecting the vertexes of two toroidal lens surfaces corresponding to each other is orthogonal to the second direction, and in a cross section containing the first straight line and a second straight line that is in the second direction, one of the two toroidal lens surfaces is configured so as to form an imaging surface of the other for the object point at infinity.

Abstract: An illumination optical system having a light source and a single convex lens with a diffractive structure, wherein the phase function of the diffractive structure is represented by ? ? ( r ) = ? i = 1 N ? ? ? 2 ? i ? r 2 ? i where r represents distance from the central axis of the lens, the relationship |?2|·(0.3R)2<|?4|·(0.3R)4 is satisfied where R represents effective radius of the lens, the second derivative of the phase function has at least one extreme value and at least one point of inflection where r is greater than 30% of R, and the area of a surface of the light source is equal to or greater than 3% of the area of the entrance pupil when the light source side of the lens is defined as the image side.

Abstract: According to the present disclosure, there is provided a technique making it possible to improve suitably the performance of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary cell in which a SEI film is formed on the surface of a negative electrode active material. The nonaqueous electrolyte secondary cell disclosed herein includes a positive electrode 10, a negative electrode 20, and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution, wherein a negative electrode SEI film 29 including at least a LiBOB skeleton and a fluorosulfonic acid skeleton is formed on the surface of a negative electrode active material 28, and a positive electrode SEI film 19 including at least a phosphoric acid skeleton is formed on the surface of a positive electrode active material 18.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes a first detection unit which detects an object around a vehicle, a second detection unit of which at least a part of a detection range overlaps a detection range of the first detection unit and which detects an object around the vehicle, and a determination unit which determines whether or not the object has started to move on the basis of detection results of the first detection unit and the second detection unit. The determination unit determines that the object has started to move in a case in which the vehicle and the object are in a halted state when a detection result of the first detection unit indicates that the object has started to move and a detection result of the second detection unit indicates that the object has started to move.

Abstract: An illumination optical system having a light source and a single convex lens with a diffractive structure, wherein the phase function of the diffractive structure is represented by ? ? ( r ) = ? i = 1 N ? ? ? 2 ? i ? r 2 ? i where r represents distance from the central axis of the lens, the relationship |?2|·(0.3R)2<|?4|·(0.3R)4 is satisfied where R represents effective radius of the lens, the second derivative of the phase function has at least one extreme value and at least one point of inflection where r is greater than 30% of R, and the area of a surface of the light source is equal to or greater than 3% of the area of the entrance pupil when the light source side of the lens is defined as the image side.

Abstract: A piezoelectric thin film-stacked body is provided. A piezoelectric thin film-stacked body has a first electrode layer, a first intermediate layer stacked on the first electrode layer, a second intermediate layer stacked on the first intermediate layer, and a piezoelectric thin film stacked on the second intermediate layer, the first intermediate layer includes K, Na, and Nb, the second intermediate layer is a layer causing stress in a compression direction in the piezoelectric thin film, and the piezoelectric thin film includes (K,Na)NbO3.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided a technique making it possible to improve suitably the performance of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary cell in which a SEI film is formed on the surface of a negative electrode active material. The nonaqueous electrolyte secondary cell disclosed herein includes a positive electrode 10, a negative electrode 20, and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution, wherein a negative electrode SEI film 29 including at least a LiBOB skeleton and a fluorosulfonic acid skeleton is formed on the surface of a negative electrode active material 28, and a positive electrode SEI film 19 including at least a phosphoric acid skeleton is formed on the surface of a positive electrode active material 18.