Abstract: A retardation plate includes a transparent substrate, and a liquid crystal layer formed over the transparent substrate, wherein, when a tensile test is performed by pulling the retardation plate in a predetermined direction at a glass-transition temperature of the transparent substrate, a tensile elongation C defined by an equation of C=(B?A)/A×100 is 12% or more, where A is an initial size of the retardation plate in the predetermined direction, and B is a size of the retardation plate in the predetermined direction when a crack penetrating the liquid crystal layer in a thickness direction occurs over a length of 1 mm or more on a surface of the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: An optical element includes a three-dimensional structure having a curved surface; and a retardation plate bent along the curved surface. The retardation plate includes a transparent substrate and a liquid crystal layer formed over the transparent substrate. The retardation plate has a slow axis and a fast axis. A glass-transition temperature, Tgne, in a slow axis direction of the retardation plate is higher than a glass-transition temperature, Tgno, in a fast axis direction of the retardation plate.

Abstract: An optical element includes a transparent substrate; an alignment layer formed over the transparent substrate; and a liquid crystal layer formed over the alignment layer. A plurality of grooves parallel to each other for aligning liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer are formed over a surface of the alignment layer in contact with the liquid crystal layer. A pitch of the grooves is greater than or equal to 10 nm and less than or equal to 600 nm. The alignment layer is formed of a copolymer of an energy curable composition and contains fluorine on the surface.

Abstract: A reflective transparent screen (1) capable of displaying an image light projected from a projector as an image to an observer who is on the same side as the projector, is provided with two transparent substrates and a metal thin film (23) sandwiched therebetween, wherein the color tone of the image light reflected from the metal thin film (23) or the image visibility is improved by adjusting the metallic composition of the metal thin film (23).

Abstract: A transparent screen sheet that displays images projected from a front side of the transparent screen sheet and/or a rear side of the transparent screen sheet to a user on the front side, and causes the user on the front side to view a rear background behind the rear side. The transparent screen sheet includes an image display layer configured to display the images; and a resin film that holds the image display layer. A difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of retardations of the resin film measured by irradiating a main surface of the resin film with a light with a wavelength of 460 nm in a direction orthogonal to the main surface, within a region on the main surface that overlaps with the image display layer, is one fourth of the wavelength of the light or less.

Abstract: To provide an image projecting structure having a wide viewing angle and whereby the visibility of a projected image is high. The image projecting structure comprises a first transparent layer having irregularities formed on its surface, a reflective film formed on the surface on which the irregularities are formed, of the first transparent layer, and a second transparent layer formed on the reflective film, wherein the transmittance of visible light is from 5 to 95%; the value obtained by dividing the haze by the diffuse reflectance of visible light is at least 0.1 and at most 1; the vertical difference Sk in the core section defined by ISO 25178, of the surface on which the irregularities are formed, is at least 0.1 ?m; and the value obtained by dividing the shortest autocorrelation length Sal by the vertical difference Sk in the core section is at least 1.2 and at most 190.

Abstract: A reflective transparent screen (1) capable of displaying an image light projected from a projector as an image to an observer who is on the same side as the projector, is provided with two transparent substrates and a metal thin film (23) sandwiched therebetween, wherein the color tone of the image light reflected from the metal thin film (23) or the image visibility is improved by adjusting the metallic composition of the metal thin film (23).

Abstract: A transparent screen sheet that displays images projected from a front side of the transparent screen sheet and/or a rear side of the transparent screen sheet to a user on the front side, and causes the user on the front side to view a rear background behind the rear side. The transparent screen sheet includes an image display layer configured to display the images; and a resin film that holds the image display layer. A difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of retardations of the resin film measured by irradiating a main surface of the resin film with a light with a wavelength of 460 nm in a direction orthogonal to the main surface, within a region on the main surface that overlaps with the image display layer, is one fourth of the wavelength of the light or less.

Abstract: To provide an image projecting structure having a wide viewing angle and whereby the visibility of a projected image is high. The image projecting structure comprises a first transparent layer having irregularities formed on its surface, a reflective film formed on the surface on which the irregularities are formed, of the first transparent layer, and a second transparent layer formed on the reflective film, wherein the transmittance of visible light is from 5 to 95%; the value obtained by dividing the haze by the diffuse reflectance of visible light is at least 0.1 and at most 1; the vertical difference Sk in the core section defined by ISO 25178, of the surface on which the irregularities are formed, is at least 0.1 ?m; and the value obtained by dividing the shortest autocorrelation length Sal by the vertical difference Sk in the core section is at least 1.2 and at most 190.

Abstract: A video projecting structure includes a substrate having a visible light transmittance greater than or equal to 5% and less than or equal to 90%, a reflectivity greater than or equal to 5% and less than or equal to 90%, and a front haze less than or equal to 30.

Abstract: To provide a transmission-type transparent screen which is excellent in the see-through property for a scene on the other side of the transparent screen as viewed from an observer in a state where no image-forming light is projected from a projector and which is excellent in visibility of an image displayed on the transparent screen as viewed from the observer in a state where image-forming light is projected from the projector, as well as an image display system and an image display method, employing the transparent screen. A transmission-type transparent screen 1 which has a first surface A and a second surface B on the opposite side thereof and which has a light scattering layer 34 comprising a transparent resin 32 and a light scattering material 33, wherein the light scattering layer 34 further contains a light absorbing material, the haze is from 3 to 30%, the total light transmittance is from 15 to 95%, and the diffuse reflectance is from 0.1 to 2.4%.

Abstract: A video projecting structure includes a substrate having a visible light transmittance greater than or equal to 5% and less than or equal to 90%, a front haze greater than or equal to 4 and less than or equal to 40, and a rear haze greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 60. In a case where light is incident on a surface of the substrate at an angle of 45°, an intensity of a backward scattering light is lower than an intensity of a frontward scattering light.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical filter, a solid-state imaging element and an imaging device lens which contain a near infrared ray absorbing layer having a specific near infrared ray absorbing dye dispersed in a transparent resin having a refractive index of 1.54 or more, and also relates to an imaging device containing the solid-state imaging element or the imaging device lens. The near infrared ray absorbing layer has a transmittance of visible light of from 450 to 600 nm of 70% or more, a transmittance of light in a wavelength region of from 695 to 720 nm of not more than 10%, and an amount of change of transmittance of not more than ?0.8.

Abstract: To provide a transmission-type transparent screen which is excellent in the see-through property for a scene on the other side of the transparent screen as viewed from an observer in a state where no image-forming light is projected from a projector and which is excellent in visibility of an image displayed on the transparent screen as viewed from the observer in a state where image-forming light is projected from the projector, as well as an image display system and an image display method, employing the transparent screen. A transmission-type transparent screen 1 which has a first surface A and a second surface B on the opposite side thereof and which has a light scattering layer 34 comprising a transparent resin 32 and a light scattering material 33, wherein the light scattering layer 34 further contains a light absorbing material, the haze is from 3 to 30%, the total light transmittance is from 15 to 95%, and the diffuse reflectance is from 0.1 to 2.4%.

Abstract: An optical filter including a near infrared absorbing layer on a glass substrate, in which adhesiveness between the glass substrate and the near infrared absorbing layer is firm, high reliability is enabled in uses under a high temperature and high humidity environment, and manufacturing yield is secured, and a high reliability solid-state imaging device having the optical filter are provided. An optical filter includes: a glass substrate; and a near infrared absorbing layer formed on one principal surface of the glass substrate, wherein the near infrared absorbing layer is obtained by reacting a composition for forming the near infrared absorbing layer on the glass substrate and the composition contains a transparent resin having a fluorene skeleton and a reactivity group; a near infrared absorbing dye; and a silane coupling agent and/or oligomer thereof having a hydrolyzable group and a functional group which have reactivity for the reactivity group.

Abstract: A video projecting structure includes a substrate having a visible light transmittance greater than or equal to 5% and less than or equal to 90%, a reflectivity greater than or equal to 5% and less than or equal to 90%, and a front haze less than or equal to 30.

Abstract: A video projecting structure includes a substrate having a visible light transmittance greater than or equal to 5% and less than or equal to 90%, a front haze greater than or equal to 4 and less than or equal to 40, and a rear haze greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 60. In a case where light is incident on a surface of the substrate at an angle of 45° an intensity of a backward scattering light is lower than an intensity of a frontward scattering light.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical filter, a solid-state imaging element and an imaging device lens which contain a near infrared ray absorbing layer having a specific near infrared ray absorbing dye dispersed in a transparent resin having a refractive index of 1.54 or more, and also relates to an imaging device containing the solid-state imaging element or the imaging device lens. The near infrared ray absorbing layer has a transmittance of visible light of from 450 to 600 nm of 70% or more, a transmittance of light in a wavelength region of from 695 to 720 nm of not more than 10%, and an amount of change of transmittance of not more than ?0.8.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical filter, a solid-state imaging element and an imaging device lens which contain a near infrared ray absorbing layer having a specific near infrared ray absorbing dye dispersed in a transparent resin having a refractive index of 1.54 or more, and also relates to an imaging device containing the solid-state imaging element or the imaging device lens. The near infrared ray absorbing layer has a transmittance of visible light of from 450 to 600 nm of 70% or more, a transmittance of light in a wavelength region of from 695 to 720 nm of not more than 10%, and an amount of change of transmittance of not more than ?0.8.

Abstract: A simple method that makes it possible to manufacture a highly-workable organic solar cell module having a plurality of connected organic solar cells is provided. The method includes: a first electrode substrate forming step of forming a plurality of first electrode layers on a first substrate to form a first electrode substrate; preparing a single piece of second electrode substrate-forming base material having at least a second electrode layer and capable of being cut into a plurality of second electrode substrates; a functional layer forming step; a cutting step to form a plurality of second electrode substrates; a bonding step so that the first and second electrode substrates are bonded together; and a connecting step of electrically connecting the first electrode layer of one of the organic solar cells to the second electrode layer of another organic solar cell which is adjacent to the one organic solar cell.