Abstract: The object is to improve the durability of fluid pressure actuators. The holding member with actuator cover according to this disclosure comprises: a holding section to be attached to a fluid pressure actuator driven by fluid pressure to hold an object; and an actuator cover that covers the fluid pressure actuator while the holding section is attached to the fluid pressure actuator.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to make it possible to output stable light by optimizing the wavelength conversion efficiency in a wavelength conversion element without employing an optical detection device such as a photo diode in a laser light source device. A fundamental light wave emitted from a semiconductor laser (2) is wavelength converted by a wavelength conversion element (5) and is emitted therefrom. A lighting circuit (20) supplies electric power for the aforementioned semiconductor laser (2) to turn on the semiconductor laser (2). A control unit (21) controls the operation of the device while controlling the amount of power supplied to a heater means (7) such that the wavelength conversion element (5) reaches a temperature at which optimum wavelength conversion efficiency is acquired.

Abstract: The wavelength of fundamental wave light emitted from a semiconductor laser is converted by a wavelength conversion element, and the wavelength-converted light is emitted. A power supply circuit feeds electric power to the semiconductor laser. A control part controls an amount of electric power to be fed to a heater such that the wavelength conversion element becomes a temperature that optimizes the wavelength conversion efficiency. Temperatures detected by an element temperature detector and a light source part temperature detector are introduced to the control part, and the control part takes a wavelength conversion element temperature, at which a temperature detected by the light source part temperature detector is minimum, as a set temperature that makes the wavelength conversion efficiency optimal, and feedback-controls the wavelength conversion element temperature such that the wavelength conversion element temperature is at the set temperature by controlling the heating quantity of the heater.

Abstract: The wavelength of fundamental wave light emitted from a semiconductor laser is converted by a wavelength conversion element, and the wavelength-converted light is emitted. A power supply circuit feeds electric power to the semiconductor laser. A control part controls an amount of electric power to be fed to a heater such that the wavelength conversion element becomes a temperature that optimizes the wavelength conversion efficiency. Temperatures detected by an element temperature detector and a light source part temperature detector are introduced to the control part, and the control part takes a wavelength conversion element temperature, at which a temperature detected by the light source part temperature detector is minimum, as a set temperature that makes the wavelength conversion efficiency optimal, and feedback-controls the wavelength conversion element temperature such that the wavelength conversion element temperature is at the set temperature by controlling the heating quantity of the heater.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to make it possible to output stable light by optimizing the wavelength conversion efficiency in a wavelength conversion element without employing an optical detection device such as a photo diode in a laser light source device. A fundamental light wave emitted from a semiconductor laser (2) is wavelength converted by a wavelength conversion element (5) and is emitted therefrom. A lighting circuit (20) supplies electric power for the aforementioned semiconductor laser (2) to turn on the semiconductor laser (2). A control unit (21) controls the operation of the device while controlling the amount of power supplied to a heater means (7) such that the wavelength conversion element (5) reaches a temperature at which optimum wavelength conversion efficiency is acquired.

Abstract: A discharge lamp lighting apparatus includes a discharge container, a pair of electrodes and a power supply apparatus. An alternating current of a frequency, which is lower than stationary frequency, is inserted periodically into the alternating current of stationary frequency. When a lighting current value of the discharge lamp is smaller than a predetermined lower limit, the frequency is set as predetermined minimum frequency. When the lighting current value of a discharge lamp is larger than a predetermined maximum value, the frequency is set as predetermined maximum frequency. When a lighting current value of the discharge lamp is between the lower limit and the maximum value, the frequency is set as a selected frequency corresponding to the lighting current value. The selected frequency increases according to an increase of frequency change as a lighting current value increases.

Abstract: A discharge lamp lighting apparatus includes a discharge container, a pair of electrodes and a power supply apparatus. An alternating current of a frequency, which is lower than stationary frequency, is inserted periodically into the alternating current of stationary frequency. When a lighting current value of the discharge lamp is smaller than a predetermined lower limit, the frequency is set as predetermined minimum frequency. When the lighting current value of a discharge lamp is larger than a predetermined maximum value, the frequency is set as predetermined maximum frequency. When a lighting current value of the discharge lamp is between the lower limit and the maximum value, the frequency is set as a selected frequency corresponding to the lighting current value. The selected frequency increases according to an increase of frequency change as a lighting current value increases.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is provided for manufacturing a semiconductor substrate such as web crystals. The apparatus includes a chamber and a growth hardware assembly housed within the chamber. A magnetic field system produces a vertical magnetic field within the chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is provided for manufacturing a semiconductor substrate such as web crystals. The apparatus includes a chamber and a growth hardware assembly housed within the chamber. A magnetic field system produces a vertical magnetic field within the chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method that permits a seed crystal to be directed to a precise location of a melt for growing a ribbon-shaped crystal, but after the crystal has commenced growing, the ribbon-shaped crystal is continuously pulled up so as to produce a longitudinally extending crystal using a continuous pulling device. The method for producing a ribbon-shaped crystal includes growing a ribbon-shaped crystal on a seed crystal using a linear pulling device for pulling the seed crystal and a crystal growing at the end of the seed crystal in a vertical direction, and continuing to pull the ribbon-shaped crystal by using a continuous pulling device having a continuous pulling mechanism.

Abstract: A solar cell is manufactured by bringing a front side of a semiconductor crystal substrate into contact with an electrolytic liquid containing a fluoride, placing an electrode in the electrolytic liquid, passing a current between the electrode and the semiconductor crystal substrate and applying light to the semiconductor crystal substrate to generate pairs of holes and electrons. Etching of the substrate proceeds by combining the holes with ions in the front side of the semiconductor crystal substrate which is held in contact with the electrolytic liquid, thereby forming at least one surface irregularity structure thereon.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is provided for manufacturing a semiconductor substrate such as web crystals. The apparatus includes a chamber and a growth hardware assembly housed within the chamber. A magnetic field system produces a vertical magnetic field within the chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is provided for manufacturing a semiconductor substrate such as web crystals. The apparatus includes a chamber and a growth hardware assembly housed within the chamber. A magnetic field system produces a vertical magnetic field within the chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is provided for manufacturing a semiconductor substrate such as web crystals. The apparatus includes a chamber and a growth hardware assembly housed within the chamber. A magnetic field system produces a vertical magnetic field within the chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is provided for manufacturing a semiconductor substrate such as web crystals. The apparatus includes a chamber and a growth hardware assembly housed within the chamber. A magnetic field system produces a vertical magnetic field within the chamber.

Abstract: A solar cell is manufactured by bringing a front side of a semiconductor crystal substrate into contact with an electrolytic liquid containing a fluoride, placing an electrode in the electrolytic liquid, passing a current between the electrode and the semiconductor crystal substrate and applying light to the semiconductor crystal substrate to generate pairs of holes and electrons. Etching of the substrate proceeds by combining the holes with ions in the front side of the semiconductor crystal substrate which is held in contact with the electrolytic liquid, thereby forming at least one surface irregularity structure thereon.