Abstract: A communication system includes circuitry. The circuitry receives an input of language information. The circuitry performs recognition on the input language information. The circuitry displays one or more images corresponding to the input language information on a display, based on a result of the recognition.

Abstract: A communication system includes circuitry. The circuitry receives an input of language information. The circuitry performs recognition on the input language information. The circuitry displays one or more images corresponding to the input language information on a display, based on a result of the recognition.

Abstract: Laser devices include a light source that emits a laser beam, an optical system that concentrates the laser beam emitted from the light source, an optical window through which the laser beam exited from the optical system passes, a housing that accommodates the optical system, and an optical window holding member fixed to the housing. The optical window holding member holds the optical window. In the first laser device, the optical window has a face or a protruding face through which the laser beam passes. When the optical window has the face, the face is flush with an edge of the optical window holding member and a film is formed on the face. When the optical window has the protruding face, the protruding face protrudes with reference to the edge of the optical window holding member and a film is formed on the protruding face.

Abstract: An ignition device configured to ignite a fuel included in an air-fuel mixture supplied to a main combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. The ignition device includes a partition member that forms a precombustion chamber that encloses an ignition point of a fuel. The partition member has a plurality of communicating holes communicating between the main combustion chamber and the precombustion chamber. The ignition device further includes a first interference member that protrudes inward from an inner surface of the partition member.

Abstract: A laser device includes a light source device including a semiconductor laser; and a laser cavity irradiated with light from the light source device and including a saturable absorber. A beam waist diameter r of the light that irradiates the laser cavity and an initial transmittance T0 of the saturable absorber satisfy a relationship of 7.75×T04?7.77×T03+3.13×T02+0.16×T0+0.74?r?2.62×T0+0.675.

Abstract: A laser device and an internal combustion engine. The laser device includes a light source configured to emit light, an optical system configured to concentrate the light emitted from the light source, a housing configured to accommodate the optical system, and a window disposed to the housing, to which the light passed through the optical system is incident. The window includes an optical window through which the light exited from the optical system passes, an optical window holding member configured to hold the optical window, a joint configured to join the optical window to the optical window holding member, and a protective layer disposed to a face of the joint. The internal combustion engine includes the laser device according to claim, and a combustion chamber configured to burn fuel to produce inflammable gas. In the internal combustion engine, the fuel is ignited by the laser device.

Abstract: An ignition device configured to ignite a fuel included in an air-fuel mixture supplied to a main combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. The ignition device includes a partition member that forms a precombustion chamber that encloses an ignition point of a fuel. The partition member has a plurality of communicating holes communicating between the main combustion chamber and the precombustion chamber. The ignition device further includes a first interference member that protrudes inward from an inner surface of the partition member.

Abstract: A laser device includes a light source device including a semiconductor laser; and a laser cavity irradiated with light from the light source device and including a saturable absorber. A beam waist diameter r of the light that irradiates the laser cavity and an initial transmittance T0 of the saturable absorber satisfy a relationship of 7.75×T04?7.77×T03+3.13×T02+0.16×T0+0.74?r?2.62×T0+0.675.

Abstract: A laser device and an internal combustion engine. The laser device includes a light source configured to emit light, an optical system configured to concentrate the light emitted from the light source, a housing configured to accommodate the optical system, and a window disposed to the housing, to which the light passed through the optical system is incident. The window includes an optical window through which the light exited from the optical system passes, an optical window holding member configured to hold the optical window, a joint configured to join the optical window to the optical window holding member, and a protective layer disposed to a face of the joint. The internal combustion engine includes the laser device according to claim, and a combustion chamber configured to burn fuel to produce inflammable gas. In the internal combustion engine, the fuel is ignited by the laser device.

Abstract: Laser devices include a light source that emits a laser beam, an optical system that concentrates the laser beam emitted from the light source, an optical window through which the laser beam exited from the optical system passes, a housing that accommodates the optical system, and an optical window holding member fixed to the housing. The optical window holding member holds the optical window. In the first laser device, the optical window has a face or a protruding face through which the laser beam passes. When the optical window has the face, the face is flush with an edge of the optical window holding member and a film is formed on the face. When the optical window has the protruding face, the protruding face protrudes with reference to the edge of the optical window holding member and a film is formed on the protruding face.

Abstract: A laser device is provided including a surface emitting laser array configured to emit light, an optical system disposed in an optical path of light that is emitted from the surface emitting laser, a laser resonator which the light passed through the optical system enters, where the optical system includes a first optical element configured to collimate the light emitted from the surface emitting laser, and a second optical element configured to collect and condense the light collimated by the first optical element.

Abstract: An optical window member includes an incident surface onto which a laser light is directed and an exit surface from which the laser light exits. At least one of the incident surface and the exit surface has a plurality of protrusions or recesses formed therein. An interval between centers of adjacent protrusions or adjacent recesses is shorter than or equal to a wavelength of the laser light.

Abstract: An optical element having an antireflection effect includes an incident plane and an emission plane and a conical microstructure formed on at least one plane of the incident plane and the emission plane. The conical microstructure includes a first structure formed of a plurality of conical microprojections with an average height H1 and a second structure formed of a plurality of conical microrecesses with an average height H2. The average height H1 satisfies an inequality H1?1/3*?/n and the average height H2 satisfies an inequality H2?1/3*?/n. An average pitch P between the first structure and the second structure satisfies following conditions: H1/2?P?1/3*?/n, and H2/2?P?1/3*?/n, in which the use wavelength is defined as ? and the refractive index relative to the use wavelength is n.

Abstract: A laser device is provided including a surface emitting laser array configured to emit light, an optical system disposed in an optical path of light that is emitted from the surface emitting laser, a laser resonator which the light passed through the optical system enters, where the optical system includes a first optical element configured to collimate the light emitted from the surface emitting laser, and a second optical element configured to collect and condense the light collimated by the first optical element.

Abstract: A laser device is provided including a light source configured to emit light, a laser resonator which the light emitted from the light source enters, a first optical element configured to increase a divergence angle of the light emitted from the laser resonator, a second optical element configured to collimate the light whose divergence angle is increased by the first optical element, and a third optical element configured to collect and condense the light collimated by the second optical element.

Abstract: A laser device is provided including a light source configured to emit light, a light transmission member configured to transmit the light emitted from the light source, a plurality of optical elements disposed in an optical path of the light transmitted by the light transmission member, a laser resonator which the light passed through the plurality of optical elements enter, and an adjuster configured to adjust a position of at least one of the plurality of optical elements.

Abstract: An optical element using visible light from wavelengths ?S to ?L (?L>?S), is formed of a translucent material having refractive indexes nS and nL, respectively, for light having the wavelengths ?S and ?L. The optical element includes an incident face; an exit face; and a micro convexo-concave structure used as an anti-reflection structure (ARS), being formed at least one of the incident face and the exit face. An average distance P between adjacent micro convexo-concave structures satisfies condition (1) P?0.8·?S/nS. Dimensionless parameters mS and mL satisfy condition (2) 0.8?mS?1.1 and condition (3) 0.8?mL?1.1. The parameters mS and mL, an average height H, the wavelengths ?S and ?L, and the refractive indexes nS and nL of the micro convexo-concave structure satisfy condition (4) mS·?S/(2·nS)?H?mL·?L/(2·nL).

Abstract: An optical element having an antireflection effect includes an incident plane and an emission plane and a conical microstructure formed on at least one plane of the incident plane and the emission plane. The conical microstructure includes a first structure formed of a plurality of conical microprojections with an average height H1 and a second structure formed of a plurality of conical microrecesses with an average height H2. The average height H1 satisfies an inequality H1?1/3*?/n and the average height H2 satisfies an inequality H2?1/3*?/n. An average pitch P between the first structure and the second structure satisfies following conditions: H1/2?P?1/3*?/n, and H2/2?P?1/3*?/n, in which the use wavelength is defined as X and the refractive index relative to the use wavelength is n.

Abstract: An optical element using visible light from wavelengths ?S to ?L (?L>?S), is formed of a translucent material having refractive indexes nS and nL, respectively, for light having the wavelengths ?S and ?L. The optical element includes an incident face; an exit face; and a micro convexo-concave structure used as an anti-reflection structure (ARS), being formed at least one of the incident face and the exit face. An average distance P between adjacent micro convexo-concave structures satisfies condition (1) P?0.8·?S/nS. Dimensionless parameters mS and mL satisfy condition (2) 0.8?mS?1.1 and condition (3) 0.8?mL?1.1. The parameters mS and mL, an average height H, the wavelengths ?S and ?L, and the refractive indexes nS and nL of the micro convexo-concave structure satisfy condition (4) mS·?S/(2·nS)?H?mL·?L/(2·nL).