Abstract: An object of the present invention is to mass-produce fried food of high quality having no unevenly fried spots by making uniform the amount of cooking oil for frying food fed to food and the temperature distribution of the oil. A plurality of stacked pan-like trays (10) are received in a closable processing tank (1) and heated cooking oil is rapidly fed into the trays (10) through the side wall thereof by oil feed nozzles (41) so that the oil flows on the bottoms of the trays (10) at a given flow rate, the excess oil being allowed to overflow from the side opposite to the oil feed side to flow downwardly of the trays (10). The stacked trays (10) are individually fed with oil by the oil feed nozzles (41) so that none of the oil flowing from upper trays enters lower trays. The oil feed nozzles (41) are slidable back and forth relative to the trays (10), and the processing tank (1) is pressurized or evacuated according to the cooking conditions for articles of food a.

Abstract: A thin film flow-down type concentrating apparatus for concentrating a heat susceptible raw liquid with heated steam to high concentration without spoiling the flavor or deteriorating the quality by alternately laminating raw liquid plates and steam plates 20, in which the width of the raw liquid heating passage 18 is gradually narrowed from the raw liquid inlet to the concentrate outlet. As a result, if the volume of the raw liquid decreases due to evaporation and separation of the moisture in the raw liquid, scorching is prevented. Besides, by the steam generated from the raw liquid, in order to prevent increase of the flow velocity of the concentrate going toward the concentrate exit, the plate intervals of the raw liquid heating passage is gradually widened from the raw liquid inlet toward the concentrate outlet.

Abstract: A thin film downward flow type plate concentrator suitable for concentration of liquids which are highly heat-sensitive, wherein preheating channels (19), distributing portions (23), pool portions (24) and heating channels (18) which are formed in heat transfer plates (10) are improved to provide efficient concentration of a raw liquid in one-pass. These various portions are given respective channel shapes most suitable for their respective roles with respect to the raw liquid; thus, the total heat transfer performance is improved.

Abstract: A plate type evaporator comprising a plurality of vertically extending plate elements assembled face-to-face to define therebetween alternate channels for a heating medium and for a liquid to be evaporated. In order to accelerate the nuclear boiling of the liquid in the liquid channels, the heat transfer surface of each plate element has a plurality of vertically extending transversely spaced ridges projecting toward the associated liquid channel, such ridges being in contact with the heat transfer surface of the opposed plate element to provide areas of contact assisting in the evolution of vapor bubbles and divide the liquid channel into narrow sections assisting in the generation of vapor, such sections also assuring that even in deeper places in the liquid channel, vapor bubbles will be generated without yielding to the liquid pressure; alternatively, each plate element has a porous layer formed on its heat transfer surface facing the liquid channel.

Abstract: A plate type evaporator comprising a plurality of vertically extending plate elements assembled face-to-face to define therebetween alternate channels for a heating medium and for a liquid to be evaporated. The plate elements have porous layers formed on their opposed heat transfer surfaces functioning as the channels for the liquid to be evaporated. The porous layers are utilized as nuclear boiling accelerating members to improve the capability of evaporating liquid on the boiling heat transfer surfaces.

Abstract: A plate type evaporator comprising a plurality of vertically extending plate elements assembled face-to-face to define therebetween alternate channels for a heating medium and for a liquid to be evaporated. In order to accelerate the nuclear boiling of the liquid in the liquid channels, the heat transfer surface of each plate element has a plurality of vertically extending transversely spaced ridges projecting toward the associated liquid channel, such ridges being in contact with the heat transfer surface of the opposed plate element to provide areas of contact assisting in the evolution of vapor bubbles and divide the liquid channel into narrow sections assisting in the generation of vapor, such sections also assuring that even in deeper places in the liquid channel, vapor bubbles will be generated without yielding to the liquid pressure; alternatively, each plate element has a porous layer formed on its heat transfer surface facing the liquid channel.

Abstract: A structure of fluid condensing and heat conducting surface of the condenser characterized in that completely recessed grooves for collecting fluid are provided on said surface integrally therewith, wherein the distance between the centers of radii of rounded corners of said groove is made less than 3 mm.