Abstract: A mat or rug having a laminate structure is described composed of (A) a reverse side mat layer including (a) a laminated mat composed of (a.sup.1) base fabric and (a.sup.2) nonwoven fabric made of a thermoplastic resin fibrous binder, the base fabric (a.sup.1) and nonwoven fabric (a.sup.2) being united by needling, (b) cut piles made of a thermoplastic resin implanted from one side of the laminated mat (a), and (c) a resin adhesive layer formed by coating a liquid resin adhesive on the nonwoven fabric (a.sup.2) on the side opposite to the cut piles (b) and drying, (B) a thermoplastic resin adhesive layer, and (C) a surface mat layer, wherein the surface mat layer (C) is adhered via the thermoplastic resin adhesive layer (B) to the reverse side mat layer (A) on the side of reverse side mat layer (A) on which the liquid resin adhesive has been coated, wherein the cut piles (b) are implanted under the following conditions:Implanting density: 16 to 400 roots/in.sup.

Abstract: A process for producing a carpet is disclosed, comprising laminating a backing material composition comprising 100 parts by weight, on a resin solid basis, of an aqueous emulsion of a resin having a glass transition point of not higher than 5.degree. C., from 120 to 400 parts by weight of hydraulic inorganic cement, and up to 600 parts by weight of a non-hydraulic inorganic filler on a carpeting surface base material and heating the laminate to harden and dry the backing material composition. A carpet in which a carpeting surface base material and a backing material (and a carpeting back base material, if used) are firmly and integrally bonded can easily be obtained. The carpet has excellent properties, such as flexibility (softness), dimensional stability (resistance to shrinkage), fit to a floor, and workability, in a good balance.