Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a polyurethane filter foam having excellent air permeability, elasticity, and restoring force. In the method of manufacturing the polyurethane filter foam, the cell size of the filter foam is made regular by controlling the pressure by adjusting the diameter of the foaming head of a foaming machine, rather than adding a cell opener, cell irregularity caused by poor dispersion of the cell opener is alleviated, and air permeability, porosity, and compression set are excellent.

Abstract: The inventive concept provides a method for treating a substrate. The method includes removing a film on the substrate by applying a pulsed laser to the rotating substrate, in which thickness of the film to be removed is measured and pulse energy of the pulsed laser is selected based on the measured thickness of the film.

Abstract: A power apparatus for a vehicle manages power for a vehicle by performing a power-up operation according to a power-up method determined on the basis of a voltage formed at a power input node connected to a battery of the vehicle when a power-up signal is applied. The power apparatus including a regulator configured to regulate a battery voltage inputted through the power input node; a switch driving circuit configured to turn on/off a switch that controls a connection between the battery and the regulator through the power input node; and a main logic circuit configured to receive control authority for the switch driving circuit from the power apparatus when receiving the power-up signal and the operating voltage generated by the regulator, and to control an on/off operation of the switch.

Abstract: A display apparatus including a light-emitting device and a method of forming the same are provided. The light-emitting device may be electrically connected to the driving circuit. A first planarization layer may be disposed on the driving circuit, a second planarization layer may be disposed on the first planarization layer, and the light-emitting device may be disposed on the second planarization layer. An upper surface of the second planarization layer toward the light-emitting device may be parallel with a surface of a device substrate supporting the light-emitting device and the driving circuit. Thus, in the display apparatus and the method of forming the same, decreasing the quality of an image due to differences in the generation position of the light emitted from the light-emitting device may be prevented.

Abstract: A semiconductor package according to an embodiment includes a first substrate layer; and a second substrate layer disposed on the first substrate layer, wherein the first substrate layer includes at least one first insulating layer; a first circuit pattern disposed on the first insulating layer; and a first via passing through the first insulating layer and connected to the first circuit pattern, wherein the second substrate layer includes a second insulating layer disposed on the first insulating layer; a second circuit pattern disposed on the second insulating layer; and a second via passing through the second insulating layer and connected to the second circuit pattern, wherein the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer include different insulating materials and wherein a width of the first via is different from a width of the second via.

Abstract: A method of providing a warning about a vehicle in violation of a traffic signal, including: transmitting, by a rear vehicle driving behind a front vehicle entering an intersection in a first direction, signal violation information to a nearby vehicle entering the intersection in a second direction different from the first direction through vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication when the rear vehicle determines whether the front vehicle is in violation of a traffic signal at the intersection using sensing information obtained by sensing the front vehicle and determines that the front vehicle is in violation of the traffic signal; and generating, by the nearby vehicle, a warning about a risk of collision with the front vehicle using the signal violation information transmitted from the rear vehicle.

Abstract: A touch display apparatus is provided. The touch display apparatus may include an encapsulating unit covering light-emitting devices, a touch sensor on the encapsulating unit, and a black matrix on the touch sensor. The touch sensor may include first touch electrode disposed side by side, first bridge electrodes connecting the first touch electrodes in a first direction, second touch electrodes disposed between the first touch electrodes, and second bridge electrodes connecting the second touch electrode in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The second bridge electrodes may cross the first bridge electrodes. The second bridge electrodes may be disposed on a layer different from the second touch electrodes. For example, the second touch electrodes may be disposed on the same layer as the first touch electrodes and the first bridge electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition, quasi-drug, and food composition for preventing, ameliorating, or treating steatohepatitis, comprising a curcumin derivative and a TGF-? receptor inhibitor as active ingredients. In the composition, the TGF-? receptor inhibitor inhibits fibrosis of liver tissues, the curcumin derivative inhibits adipogenesis of hepatocyte increased during fibrosis inhibition process. Thus, compared to when a curcumin derivative or a TGF-? receptor inhibitor is administered alone as in the conventional cases, the composition exhibits an excellent effect of preventing and treating steatohepatitis, and therefore, can be used as a pharmaceutical composition, quasi-drug, and food composition for preventing, ameliorating, or treating metabolic liver diseases, including steatohepatitis.

Abstract: A method of providing a warning about a vehicle in violation of a traffic signal includes: transmitting, by a rear vehicle driving behind a front vehicle entering an intersection in a first direction, signal violation information to a nearby vehicle entering the intersection in a second direction different from the first direction through vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication when the rear vehicle determines whether the front vehicle is in violation of a traffic signal at the intersection using sensing information obtained by sensing the front vehicle and determines that the front vehicle is in violation of the traffic signal; and generating, by the nearby vehicle, a warning about a risk of collision with the front vehicle using the signal violation information transmitted from the rear vehicle.

Abstract: A circuit board according to an embodiment includes an insulating layer; a first circuit pattern disposed on a first surface of the insulating layer; a first solder resist disposed on the first surface of the insulating layer; and a first barrier layer including a first-first portion disposed between the first solder resist and the first circuit pattern, and a first-second portion disposed between the insulating layer and the first circuit pattern; wherein the firs-first portion of the first barrier layer includes: a first-first gold (Au) layer disposed under a lower surface of the first circuit pattern; and a first-first palladium (Pd) layer disposed under a lower surface of the first-first gold (Au) layer; wherein the first-second portion of the first barrier layer includes: a first-second gold (Au) layer disposed to surround a side surface and an upper surface of the first circuit pattern; and a first-second palladium (Pd) layer disposed to surround the first-second gold (Au) layer; and wherein the first c

Abstract: An integrated circuit test apparatus includes: a first test unit configured to output a current for a built-in self test (BIST) progress state for each internal circuit of an integrated circuit in a BIST test mode and to determine whether each internal circuit operates normally in a wake-up mode of the integrated circuit; and a first determination module configured to determine whether each internal circuit is in a stuck state based on a change detected by the first test unit.

Abstract: Disclosed are devices, systems and methods for global plane identification number (GPIN) generation and applications are disclosed. Embodiments of the disclosed technology advantageously enable aircraft to be tracked throughout their service life, and associate parts, software and services that correspond to a particular aircraft. An exemplary method for identifying an aircraft includes generating, based on a manufacturer, a model and a series of the aircraft, an alphanumeric prefix that uniquely identifies the model and the series of the aircraft from the manufacturer; generating, from a manufacturer serial number that is assigned to an airframe of the aircraft, a modified serial number; and generating, based on concatenating the alphanumeric prefix and the modified serial number, an identification number for the aircraft.

Abstract: Disclosed is an auxiliary apparatus for controlling a current mode of a DC-DC converter. The auxiliary apparatus includes a current mirror coupled to a source voltage and configured to duplicate and supply a reference current supplied from a constant current source, an amplification unit configured to perform negative feedback on a loop control voltage, generated from a DC-DC converter current mode driving unit, and a reference voltage, generated based on the reference current supplied from the current mirror, and a control voltage clamping unit configured to limit a reduction in the loop control voltage based on a gate control voltage output based on a result of the comparison and amplification of the amplification unit.

Abstract: A touch display apparatus is provided. The touch display apparatus may include an encapsulating unit covering light-emitting devices, a touch sensor on the encapsulating unit, and a black matrix on the touch sensor. The touch sensor may include first touch electrode disposed side by side, first bridge electrodes connecting the first touch electrodes in a first direction, second touch electrodes disposed between the first touch electrodes, and second bridge electrodes connecting the second touch electrode in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The second bridge electrodes may cross the first bridge electrodes. The second bridge electrodes may be disposed on a layer different from the second touch electrodes. For example, the second touch electrodes may be disposed on the same layer as the first touch electrodes and the first bridge electrodes.

Abstract: A power apparatus for a vehicle manages power for a vehicle by performing a power-up operation according to a power-up method determined on the basis of a voltage formed at a power input node connected to a battery of the vehicle when a power-up signal is applied. The power apparatus including a regulator configured to regulate a battery voltage inputted through the power input node; a switch driving circuit configured to turn on/off a switch that controls a connection between the battery and the regulator through the power input node; and a main logic circuit configured to receive control authority for the switch driving circuit from the power apparatus when receiving the power-up signal and the operating voltage generated by the regulator, and to control an on/off operation of the switch.

Abstract: A thermoelectric module includes an N-type thermoelectric material and a P-type thermoelectric material disposed so as to be spaced apart from the N-type thermoelectric material. A flexible electrode is electrically connected to the N-type thermoelectric material and the P-type thermoelectric material. The flexible electrode is configured to bend to match a curvature of an object, e.g., a steering wheel of a vehicle.

Abstract: Disclosed is an auxiliary apparatus for controlling a current mode of a DC-DC converter. The auxiliary apparatus includes a current mirror coupled to a source voltage and configured to duplicate and supply a reference current supplied from a constant current source, an amplification unit configured to perform negative feedback on a loop control voltage, generated from a DC-DC converter current mode driving unit, and a reference voltage, generated based on the reference current supplied from the current mirror, and a control voltage clamping unit configured to limit a reduction in the loop control voltage based on a gate control voltage output based on a result of the comparison and amplification of the amplification unit.

Abstract: A method of providing a warning about a vehicle in violation of a traffic signal includes: transmitting, by a rear vehicle driving behind a front vehicle entering an intersection in a first direction, signal violation information to a nearby vehicle entering the intersection in a second direction different from the first direction through vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication when the rear vehicle determines whether the front vehicle is in violation of a traffic signal at the intersection using sensing information obtained by sensing the front vehicle and determines that the front vehicle is in violation of the traffic signal; and generating, by the nearby vehicle, a warning about a risk of collision with the front vehicle using the signal violation information transmitted from the rear vehicle.

Abstract: A thermoelectric module includes an N-type thermoelectric material and a P-type thermoelectric material disposed so as to be spaced apart from the N-type thermoelectric material. A flexible electrode is electrically connected to the N-type thermoelectric material and the P-type thermoelectric material. The flexible electrode is configured to bend to match a curvature of an object, e.g., a steering wheel of a vehicle.

Abstract: Disclosed is a roll-to-roll substrate deposition apparatus which may control the width and length of a deposition area so as to adjust the size of a thin film. The roll-to-roll substrate deposition apparatus includes a deposition area controller disposed between a flexible substrate supplied to the inside of a chamber and a deposition unit supplying a deposition material to the flexible substrate so as to adjust the width and length of a thin film formed of the deposition material on one surface of the flexible substrate.