Abstract: A PUF apparatus comprises: a PUF cell array in which a plurality of PUF cells are arranged each including a FeFET pair whose gates are commonly connected to a corresponding word line among a plurality of word lines, and whose drains and sources are connected to a corresponding bit line pair and a corresponding source line pair among a plurality of bit line pairs and a plurality of source line pairs running in a direction crossing the plurality of word lines; and a read-write-back block which is activated according to a read enable signal, and senses and amplifies a voltage difference occurring in a corresponding bit line pair among the plurality of bit line pairs according to the difference in driving strength due to a deviation in a manufacturing process of the FeFET pair in the PUF cell selected by a selected word line among the plurality of word lines.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device according to the embodiment includes: a first inverter; and a second inverter cross-coupled to the first inverter, wherein the second inverter includes a pull-up transistor, a pull-down transistor, and a ferroelectric field effect transistor having gate nodes connected to each other, and a restore transistor having one electrode connected to the ferroelectric field effect transistor, and the second inverter stores data in a nonvolatile manner.

Abstract: A random lighting device is disclosed. The random lighting device includes: a plurality of light-emitting units, each including a light emitting diode and a light-emitting control unit for randomly determining a flickering cycle and brightness of the light emitting diode to control the light emission of the light emitting diode; and a control unit for limiting a range of the flickering cycle and brightness of the light-emitting units.

Abstract: A random lighting device is disclosed. The random lighting device includes: a plurality of light-emitting units, each including a light emitting diode and a light-emitting control unit for randomly determining a flickering cycle and brightness of the light emitting diode to control the light emission of the light emitting diode; and a control unit for limiting a range of the flickering cycle and brightness of the light-emitting units.

Abstract: The present invention is characterized in that an apparatus for bone fixation that is composed of a plate and screws fixing the plate to a bone, includes: screws that has a head portion having a male thread on the outer circumference while increasing in diameter toward the upper portion in a tapered shape; washers of which the outer circumference is formed convex, and which has, on the inner circumference, a slope that contact with the head portion such that the head portion of the screw is placed and a female thread that is engaged with the male thread of the head portion; and a plate that has locking holes which are bored concave in the up-down direction and have a holding step, where the washer is placed, on the inner circumference, in which when the washer and the head of which the female thread and the male thread are partially engaged are inserted from above the locking hole and placed on the holding step, as the head portion is moved down by thread-fastening, the washer is in close contact and fixed in

Abstract: An internet protocol (IP) address management method and system are disclosed, having a switch unit that searches for an idle IP address in a database for allocation to an internet connection system. The internet connection system and the switch unit interconnect a subscriber to an IP service network.

Abstract: A four wheel cycle has a seat on a pipe-formed body, two non-steerable front wheels with a foot pedal crank driving mechanism directly therebetween, and two steerable rear wheels with steering mechanism. The steering mechanism has a steering wheel on one end of a steering shaft a, steering arm across the other end of the steering shaft and a pair of steering connecting rods cross connecting the steering arm to the steerable rear wheels.