Abstract: Disclosed is a user authentication-based packet classification method and apparatus for providing differentiated security services in a ship network. A user authentication-based packet classification method includes receiving an authorization code request message from a user terminal including a client, authenticating and authorizing a user of the client based on the authorization code request message, transmitting an authorization code response message to the user terminal in response to the authorization code request message, receiving an access token request message from the user terminal based on the authorization code response message, and transmitting an access token response message including an access token to the user terminal in response to the access token request message.

Abstract: A Merkle tree-based data management method may comprise: aligning data into two-dimensional square matrix; calculating a hash value of each node of the two-dimensional square matrix; calculating hash values of each row of the two-dimensional square matrix; generating an additional column with nodes having the hash values of each row; calculating hash values of each column of the two-dimensional square matrix; generating an additional row with nodes having hash values of each column; and calculating a Merkle root by concatenating the hash values of the additional column and the hash values of the additional row.

Abstract: Provided are a driving negotiation method and apparatus for supporting stability against a blind spot, an unexpected situation, etc. and a rapid judgment and response of an autonomous vehicle in various driving environments. The driving negotiation apparatus includes a wireless communication module configured to support vehicle to everything (V2X) communication and at least one processor connected to the wireless communication module. The at least one processor receives a cooperative request message from a first vehicle, broadcasts a cooperative request message and additional information required for a negotiation to surrounding vehicles, receives a cooperative response message from at least one second vehicle among the surrounding vehicles, and transmits a message indicating that the negotiation is possible or impossible to the first vehicle on the basis of the cooperative response message.