Abstract: A surface-emitting laser device according to an embodiment comprises: a first electrode; a substrate arranged on the first electrode; a first reflection layer arranged on the substrate; an active region arranged on the first reflection layer and including a cavity; an opening region arranged on the active region and including an aperture and an insulation region; a second reflection layer arranged on the opening region; a second electrode arranged on the second reflection layer; and a delta doping layer arranged in the opening region. The thickness of the insulation region becomes thinner in the direction of the aperture, and the delta doping layer can be arranged at the aperture.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a passive optical network (PON)-based video overlay pluggable type optical network device that is easily connected and detached from an indoor optical network terminal (ONT) at a subscriber side, which transmits and receives an optical signal in which a video RF optical signal and a PON optical signal are overlaid, wherein a PON board for receiving and processing the PON optical signals and a video RF board for receiving and processing the video RF optical signals are easily removed for replacement from a housing including an optical sub-assembly (OSA), which separates the PON optical signal and the video RF optical signal, and the PON board and the video RF board are individually designed and configured in a removable manner so that interference between the signals is minimized and selective combinations and production are possible according to various types of PONs and video services.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a passive optical network (PON)-based video overlay pluggable type optical network device that is easily connected and detached from an indoor optical network terminal (ONT) at a subscriber side, which transmits and receives an optical signal in which a video RF optical signal and a PON optical signal are overlaid, wherein a PON board for receiving and processing the PON optical signals and a video RF board for receiving and processing the video RF optical signals are easily removed for replacement from a housing including an optical sub-assembly (OSA), which separates the PON optical signal and the video RF optical signal, and the PON board and the video RF board are individually designed and configured in a removable manner so that interference between the signals is minimized and selective combinations and production are possible according to various types of PONs and video services.

Abstract: A torsion beam type suspension and a forming method of a torsion beam are disclosed. In the torsion beam type suspension comprising a pair of left and right trailing arms connected to each other through a torsion beam, front ends of the trailing arms being used to mount a vehicle body by using joints, the torsion beam is obtained by forming an overall length of a pipe having a certain wall thickness by using a pressure forming process. In this case, end sections defined at both end portions of the torsion beam have a cross-sectional shape of a hollow oval, a center section defined at a center portion of the torsion beam has a cross-sectional shape of a hollow open loop, and middle sections defined between the center portion and both the end portions of the torsion beam have a cross-sectional shape of a hollow open loop. The loop of the middle sections defines an inner space larger than that defined by the loop of the center section.

Abstract: A torsion beam type suspension and a forming method of a torsion beam are disclosed. In the torsion beam type suspension comprising a pair of left and right trailing arms connected to each other through a torsion beam, front ends of the trailing arms being used to mount a vehicle body by using joints, the torsion beam is obtained by forming an overall length of a pipe having a certain wall thickness by using a pressure forming process. In this case, end sections defined at both end portions of the torsion beam have a cross-sectional shape of a hollow oval, a center section defined at a center portion of the torsion beam has a cross-sectional shape of a hollow open loop, and middle sections defined between the center portion and both the end portions of the torsion beam have a cross-sectional shape of a hollow open loop. The loop of the middle sections defines an inner space larger than that defined by the loop of the center section.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a torsion beam type suspension and a forming method of a torsion beam. In the torsion beam type suspension comprising a pair of left and right trailing arms connected to each other through a torsion beam, front ends of the trailing arms being used to mount a vehicle body by using joints, the torsion beam is obtained by forming an overall length of a pipe having a certain wall thickness by using a pressure forming process. In this case, end sections defined at both end portions of the torsion beam have a cross-sectional shape of a hollow oval, a center section defined at a center portion of the torsion beam has a cross-sectional shape of a hollow open loop, and middle sections defined between the center portion and both the end portions of the torsion beam have a cross-sectional shape of a hollow open loop. The loop of the middle sections defines an inner space larger than that defined by the loop of the center section.