Abstract: An encoding/decoding apparatus and method for controlling a channel signal is disclosed, wherein the encoding apparatus may include an encoder to encode an object signal, a channel signal, and rendering information for the channel signal, and a bit stream generator to generate, as a bit stream, the encoded object signal, the encoded channel signal, and the encoded rendering information for the channel signal.

Abstract: A semiconductor manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: an ultraviolet generating part which is disposed in an ultraviolet generating chamber and generates ultraviolet rays of a target wavelength; a substrate driving part including a chuck which is disposed in a process chamber where a substrate fed therein is treated with ultraviolet rays and supports the fed substrate, and an axis which rotates and moves up and down the chuck; and a window which is disposed between the ultraviolet generating chamber and the process chamber and transmits the generated ultraviolet rays to the process chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus for monitoring polarization-mode dispersion and chromatic dispersion in optical networks in accordance with the present invention comprises; an optical distributor for distributing input optical signals, a first light receiver for photoelectrically converting the optical signals distributed by the distributor, a second light receiver for photoelectrically converting the optical signals to measure the average power of the optical signals distributed by the distributor, a filter for filtering output signals from the first light receiver, a power meter for measuring the frequency band of the optical signals filtered by the filter, an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter for converting the analog signals from the first and the second receivers into digital signals, a microprocessor for monitoring the polarization-mode dispersion and the chromatic dispersion of the optical signals by means of the digital signals from the A/D converter, and further a polarization scrambler in the optical signal sending-en

Abstract: The present invention relates to a monitoring system that observes the power and optical frequency of a frequency-modulated optical signal, which is utilized in the communication network employing the WDM (wavelength division multiplexing) method. The monitoring system comprises demultiplex means for demultiplexing the frequency-modulated optical signal outputted from a transmitter including frequency-modulation means, photo-detection means for converting the output of demultiplex means into an electrical signal, and extraction means for extracting the power and optical frequency of an optical signal by measuring the magnitude of an amplitude-modulated tone.

Abstract: An apparatus for monitoring polarization-mode dispersion and chromatic dispersion in optical networks in accordance with the present invention comprises; an optical distributor for distributing input optical signals, a first light receiver for photoelectrically converting the optical signals distributed by the distributor, a second light receiver for photoelectrically converting the optical signals to measure the average power of the optical signals distributed by the distributor, a filter for filtering output signals from the first light receiver, a power meter for measuring the frequency band of the optical signals filtered by the filter, an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter for converting the analog signals from the first and the second receivers into digital signals, a microprocessor for monitoring the polarization-mode dispersion and the chromatic dispersion of the optical signals by means of the digital signals from the A/D converter, and further a polarization scrambler in the optical signal sending-en