Abstract: A method of encoding multi-bit level data includes: determining a range of an error pattern generated according to a transmission symbol, encoding an M-bit level of a P-bit level corresponding to the transmission symbol based on the range of the error pattern, and excluding encoding of a P-M bit level of the P-bit level. The variable P is a natural number of a value at least two, and the variable M is a natural number less than P.

Abstract: An apparatus to control a three dimensional graphical user interface (3D GUI) of a terminal, includes: a receiver to receive the position data communicated from a remote device; and an extractor to extract coordinates from the position data; wherein the position data allows the apparatus to control a 3D GUI based on the extracted coordinates. A system includes: a remote device, with a position sensor affixed to the remote device; a terminal to display the 3D GUI, with a communication unit to receive the sensed position data from the remote device; wherein the position data allows the terminal to control a 3D GUI based on the sensed position data. A method includes: sensing position data of a remote device relative to the terminal; communicating the sensed position data to the terminal; and controlling the 3D GUI based on the sensed position data.

Abstract: A method of encoding multi-bit level data includes: determining a range of an error pattern generated according to a transmission symbol, encoding an M-bit level of a P-bit level corresponding to the transmission symbol based on the range of the error pattern, and excluding encoding of a P-M bit level of the P-bit level. The variable P is a natural number of a value at least two, and the variable M is a natural number less than P.