Abstract: Provided is a composite separator for an electrochemical device, and the composite separator according to the present invention includes a porous substrate and a crystalline metal salt. The composite separator may serve as a salt source to a liquid electrolyte of the electrochemical device, and additionally or independently, may have flame retardancy by the metal salt.

Abstract: A display device includes: a plurality of pixels connected to gate lines and data lines; a gate driver to supply a gate signal to the gate lines; and a data driver to supply a data signal to the data lines. The gate driver includes: a first transistor including a first active layer at a first layer; and a second transistor including a second active layer at a second layer on the first layer.

Abstract: A storage device includes a plurality of nonvolatile memory devices; and a controller connected in common to the plurality of nonvolatile memory devices through data lines, the controller being configured to detect first offset information by performing a first training operation with respect to a first nonvolatile memory device from among the plurality of nonvolatile memory devices, the controller being further configured to, based on the first offset information, perform a second training operation with respect to a second nonvolatile memory device from among the plurality of nonvolatile memory devices.

Abstract: A storage device includes a plurality of nonvolatile memory devices; and a controller connected in common to the plurality of nonvolatile memory devices through data lines, the controller being configured to detect first offset information by performing a first training operation with respect to a first nonvolatile memory device from among the plurality of nonvolatile memory devices, the controller being further configured to, based on the first offset information, perform a second training operation with respect to a second nonvolatile memory device from among the plurality of nonvolatile memory devices.

Abstract: A storage device includes a plurality of nonvolatile memory devices; and a controller connected in common to the plurality of nonvolatile memory devices through data lines, the controller being configured to detect first offset information by performing a first training operation with respect to a first nonvolatile memory device from among the plurality of nonvolatile memory devices, the controller being further configured to, based on the first offset information, perform a second training operation with respect to a second nonvolatile memory device from among the plurality of nonvolatile memory devices.

Abstract: An operation method performed at a nonvolatile memory device may include receiving a program command and an address from an external device through a data signal (DQ), receiving a specific pattern from the external device through the data signal and a data strobe signal (DQS) synchronized with the data signal in a pattern period, receiving user data from the external device through the data signal and the data strobe signal in a data period, and selectively performing a program operation on the user data or a recovery operation based on a determination of whether the specific pattern matches with a particular pattern. A rising edge or a falling edge of the data strobe signal may be aligned with a left edge or a right edge of a window of the data signal in the pattern period.

Abstract: A storage device includes a plurality of nonvolatile memory devices; and a controller connected in common to the plurality of nonvolatile memory devices through data lines, the controller being configured to detect first offset information by performing a first training operation with respect to a first nonvolatile memory device from among the plurality of nonvolatile memory devices, the controller being further configured to, based on the first offset information, perform a second training operation with respect to a second nonvolatile memory device from among the plurality of nonvolatile memory devices.

Abstract: An operation method performed at a nonvolatile memory device may include receiving a program command and an address from an external device through a data signal (DQ), receiving a specific pattern from the external device through the data signal and a data strobe signal (DQS) synchronized with the data signal in a pattern period, receiving user data from the external device through the data signal and the data strobe signal in a data period, and selectively performing a program operation on the user data or a recovery operation based on a determination of whether the specific pattern matches with a particular pattern. A rising edge or a falling edge of the data strobe signal may be aligned with a left edge or a right edge of a window of the data signal in the pattern period.