Abstract: Components having coating systems that include mud cracks, methods for forming the coating systems, and vehicles including the components are provided. The components include a substrate having silicon nitride and a coating system on a surface of the substrate. The coating system includes a first layer of a first coating material on the substrate, wherein the first coating material includes a rare earth silicate and has a first thickness measured in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate, and a second layer of a second coating material on the first layer, wherein the second coating material includes a rare earth silicate and has a second thickness that is greater than the first thickness. The second layer includes mud cracks that extend from an exterior surface thereof toward the substrate, and the mud cracks have widths in a range of about 50 to 200 micrometers.

Abstract: Components having coating systems that include mud cracks, methods for forming the coating systems, and vehicles including the components are provided. The components include a substrate having silicon nitride and a coating system on a surface of the substrate. The coating system includes a first layer of a first coating material on the substrate, wherein the first coating material includes a rare earth silicate and has a first thickness measured in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate, and a second layer of a second coating material on the first layer, wherein the second coating material includes a rare earth silicate and has a second thickness that is greater than the first thickness. The second layer includes mud cracks that extend from an exterior surface thereof toward the substrate, and the mud cracks have widths in a range of about 50 to 200 micrometers.

Abstract: Components of gas turbine engines, aircraft comprising the components, and methods of producing the components are provided. The component includes a surface, and a set of tiles secured to the surface at interfaces between the set of tiles and the surface and between each of the set of tiles. The set of tiles conform to the surface and in combination define a coating system on the surface that includes an environmental barrier coating and/or a thermal barrier coating.

Abstract: A method for forming a refractory component of foundry system includes forming a preform from a refractory mixture. The refractory mixture includes a silicon carbide preceramic polymer and at least one of a refractory powder or refractory aggregate. The method further includes heating the preform to pyrolyze the silicon carbide preceramic polymer and form a refractory material defining the refractory component. The resulting refractory material includes at least one of the refractory powder or the refractory aggregate in a silicon carbide matrix. The refractory component defines an oxidation-resistant surface configured to contact molten metal.

Abstract: Foundry casting elements and methods of forming the same, the methods including: forming an aqueous slurry including an inorganic binder precursor, shaping the slurry using a pattern, curing the shaped slurry using a low temperature solidification process to form a casting element, and removing the pattern from the casting element.