Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for evaluating performance of a heat exchanger, such as a condenser, using rules-based logic. A plurality of sensors can measure various operating properties of the heat exchanger and transmit corresponding measurement information to a controller. The controller can (i) evaluate the measurement information for a plurality of rules in which each rule considers an operating parameter of the heat exchanger that is based on the measurement information to provide a set of operating values; compare the set of operating values to a rules matrix in which each of a plurality of possible diagnoses for the heat exchanger are associated with a corresponding set of predetermined values from a set of the plurality of rules; and (iii) based on the comparison, determine at least one likely diagnosis for the heat exchanger from among the plurality of possible diagnoses.

Abstract: A method for applying a chemical treatment solution to a process stream in an industrial processing system while the system is online. The method includes measuring a mineral hardness and alkalinity of the process stream, determining a dosage of the chemical treatment solution based on a relationship between the dosage and a scale saturation parameter that is calculated based on the mineral hardness and the alkalinity of the process stream, and controlling application of the chemical treatment solution to the process stream based on the determined dosage.

Abstract: The amount of sulfite in water can be determined using fluorescence by adding to the water a fluorophore compound, measuring a fluorescence signal of the water, and determining the amount of the sulfite in the water based on the measured fluorescence signal. This method can be used in a water treatment system in which a sulfite solution is added to treat the water, and the amount of sulfite that is added can be controlled based on the measured fluorescence of the water.

Abstract: Systems and methods for applying a volatized chemical treatment solution to a combustion chamber in a boiler system while the system is online. The method includes measuring a combustion parameter, determining in real time a dosage of the volatized chemical treatment solution based on the measured combustion parameter, and applying the volatized chemical treatment solution to the combustion chamber based on the determined dosage.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method for treating a water stream in a zero liquid discharge (ZLD) system and a ZLD system. The method includes contacting the water stream with a metal agent that reduces a nitrate contained therein to a nitrite, and introducing an amide into the water stream that reduces the nitrite to nitrogen to provide a treated water stream having a reduced nitrate concentration. The ZLD system includes a mix tank, an amide tank including an amide, and a crystallizer. The mix tank includes an inlet for receiving a water stream within the mix tank, and a container including a metal agent. The container is designed to allow the water stream to contact the metal agent. The amide tank is designed to direct the amide into the water stream, and the crystallizer is designed to receive the water stream from the mix tank.

Abstract: Systems and methods for applying a chemical treatment solution to a process stream in an industrial processing system while the system is online. The method includes measuring a real-time pH of the process stream, determining a dosage of the chemical treatment solution based on a relationship between the dosage and a scale saturation parameter that is calculated based on the real-time pH of the process stream, and controlling application of the chemical treatment solution to the process stream based on the determined dosage.

Abstract: A method for applying a chemical treatment solution to a process stream in an industrial processing system while the system is online. The method includes measuring a mineral hardness and alkalinity of the process stream, determining a dosage of the chemical treatment solution based on a relationship between the dosage and a scale saturation parameter that is calculated based on the mineral hardness and the alkalinity of the process stream, and controlling application of the chemical treatment solution to the process stream based on the determined dosage.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method for treating a water stream in a zero liquid discharge (ZLD) system and a ZLD system. The method includes contacting the water stream with a metal agent that reduces a nitrate contained therein to a nitrite, and introducing an amide into the water stream that reduces the nitrite to nitrogen to provide a treated water stream having a reduced nitrate concentration. The ZLD system includes a mix tank, an amide tank including an amide, and a crystallizer. The mix tank includes an inlet for receiving a water stream within the mix tank, and a container including a metal agent. The container is designed to allow the water stream to contact the metal agent. The amide tank is designed to direct the amide into the water stream, and the crystallizer is designed to receive the water stream from the mix tank.

Abstract: Methods and liquid compositions for stabilizing an oxidizing biocide in a water system. The liquid composition comprises a hydantoin, and a surfactant, a ratio of a concentration of the hydantoin to the surfactant in the liquid composition is in a range of 1:1 to 99:1 by volume. The method comprises mixing a hydantoin, a surfactant and an oxidizing biocide with water to form a liquid treatment composition, and then adding the liquid treatment composition to a water stream in the water system, the liquid treatment composition improving the efficacy of the oxidizing biocide in the water stream.

Abstract: Methods and liquid compositions for stabilizing an oxidizing biocide in a water system. The liquid composition comprises a hydantoin, and a surfactant, a ratio of a concentration of the hydantoin to the surfactant in the liquid composition is in a range of 1:1 to 99:1 by volume. The method comprises mixing a hydantoin, a surfactant and an oxidizing biocide with water to form a liquid treatment composition, and then adding the liquid treatment composition to a water stream in the water system, the liquid treatment composition improving the efficacy of the oxidizing biocide in the water stream.