Abstract: An electron-beam device includes upper-column electron optics and lower-column electron optics. The upper-column electron optics include an aperture array to divide an electron beam into a plurality of electron beamlets. The upper-column electron optics also include a lens array with a plurality of lenses to adjust the focus of the plurality of electron beamlets. Respective lenses of the plurality of lenses are to adjust the focus of respective electron beamlets of the plurality of electron beamlets. The upper-column electron optics further include a first global lens to adjust the focus of the plurality of electron beamlets in a manner opposite to the lens array.

Abstract: An electron-beam device includes upper-column electron optics and lower-column electron optics. The upper-column electron optics include an aperture array to divide an electron beam into a plurality of electron beamlets. The upper-column electron optics also include a lens array with a plurality of lenses to adjust the focus of the plurality of electron beamlets. Respective lenses of the plurality of lenses are to adjust the focus of respective electron beamlets of the plurality of electron beamlets. The upper-column electron optics further include a first global lens to adjust the focus of the plurality of electron beamlets in a manner opposite to the lens array.

Abstract: A fuel additive system includes a fuel supply having an intake manifold, a fuel tank, a fuel supply line, and a fuel delivery system. A fuel additive supply is fluidly connected to the fuel supply for adding fuel additive to fuel from the fuel supply. The fuel additive supply includes a fuel additive tank and a fuel additive supply line connecting the fuel additive tank to the fuel supply.

Abstract: A fuel additive system includes a fuel supply having an intake manifold, a fuel tank, a fuel supply line, and a fuel delivery system. A fuel additive supply is fluidly connected to the fuel supply for adding fuel additive to fuel from the fuel supply. The fuel additive supply includes a fuel additive tank and a fuel additive supply line connecting the fuel additive tank to the fuel supply.

Abstract: A device and method for measuring the amount of knee extension loss, hyperextension, or extensor length associated with arthritis, trauma, surgery or other medical conditions. This device and method includes measuring the difference in heel heights of a patient while patient is lying prone on a table with their legs, at the level of their knee caps, off the table. This device and method also measures extensor length in a patient's knee joint, by assessing heel height difference while a patient is lying prone on a table with a prone knee bend. This device and its methods provide accurate distance measurements that correlate to knee straightness and flexibility; these distinguishing metrics are unattainable by a standard “disc” goniometer. In addition, this device permits convenient measuring of a knee's mobility for two unique perspectives, namely in prone with legs straight or with a knee bent.

Abstract: Extractors and extractor systems minimize the generation of secondary electrons which interact with and degrade the primary electron beam. This can improve the performance of an electron beam system, such as a scanning electron microscope. The extractor may include a frustoconical aperture that widens as distance from the source of the electron beam increases. The entrance into the frustoconical aperture also can include a curved edge.

Abstract: A radial transverse electric polarizer device is provided. The device includes a first layer of material having a first refractive index, a second layer of material having a second refractive index, and a plurality of elongated elements azimuthally and periodically spaced apart, and disposed between the first layer and the second layer. The plurality of elongated elements interact with electromagnetic waves of radiation to transmit transverse electric polarization of electromagnetic waves of radiation. One aspect of the invention is, for example, to use such polarizer device in a lithographic projection apparatus to increase imaging resolution. Another aspect is to provide a device manufacturing method including polarizing a beam of radiation in a transverse electric polarization.

Abstract: A dental mill blank comprising a resin, and a filler, wherein the blank is fabricated such that it passes a Thermal Shock Test. The mill blank is substantially free of cracks and discontinuities. Further, the blank may have superior cuttability and hardness.

Abstract: A radial transverse electric polarizer device is provided. The device includes a first layer of material having a first refractive index, a second layer of material having a second refractive index, and a plurality of elongated elements azimuthally and periodically spaced apart, and disposed between the first layer and the second layer. The plurality of elongated elements interact with electromagnetic waves of radiation to transmit transverse electric polarization of electromagnetic waves of radiation. One aspect of the invention is, for example, to use such polarizer device in a lithographic projection apparatus to increase imaging resolution. Another aspect is to provide a device manufacturing method including polarizing a beam of radiation in a transverse electric polarization.

Abstract: A radial transverse electric polarizer device includes a substrate material having a first refractive index and a plurality of elongated azimuthally oriented elements coupled to the substrate material, the plurality of elongated elements having a second refractive index. The plurality of elements are periodically spaced apart to form a plurality of gaps such that the radial transverse electric polarizer device interacts with an electromagnetic radiation including first and second polarizations to reflect substantially all of the radiation of the first polarization and transmit substantially all of the radiation of the second polarization. The plurality of elongated elements are coated with this thin layer of absorbing material which absorbs radiation at a wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation. The polarizer device may be used, for example, in a lithographic projection apparatus to increase imaging resolution.

Abstract: A patterning device, for example a mask, for use in a photolithographic apparatus includes a blank layer, a layer of patterned opaque material on a surface of the blank layer and a pellicle of perfluoropolyether (PFPE) liquid that covers the surface. A method of manufacturing a patterning device includes providing a patterning device having a blank layer and a patterned layer of opaque material on a surface of the blank layer, applying PFPE liquid to the surface that covers the surface to form a PFPE liquid layer, and removing at least a portion of the PFPE liquid layer. A method of cleaning a patterning device for use in photolithographic projection apparatus, the patterning device including a blank layer and a patterned layer of opaque material on a surface of the blank layer, the method including applying PFPE liquid to the surface of the blank layer that covers the surface to form a PFPE liquid layer and removing at least a portion of the PFPE liquid layer.

Abstract: Attenuating phase shift masks and alternating phase shift masks provide increased resolution of the apparatus by introducing a phase shift in the radiation transmitted between adjacent features of the pattern on the mask. A phase shift mask is provided with a layer of inorganic material that is etchable. The inorganic material layer is formed on a mask blank having a glass or quartz layer and an etch stop layer. The etch stop layer provides uniform etch depth of the pattern in the inorganic material layer as the etch stop layer is formed of a material that is not etched by the etching process. The phase shift mask may be provided with a layer of attenuating material instead of the resinous inorganic polymer layer. The features of the pattern of the phase shift mask may also be filled with an optically transparent or translucent material or with an opaque material having an index of refraction and a dielectric constant selected to reduce the boundary effect at side walls of features of the pattern.

Abstract: A radial transverse electric polarizer device is provided. The device includes a first layer of material having a first refractive index, a second layer of material having a second refractive index, and a plurality of elongated elements azimuthally and periodically spaced apart, and disposed between the first layer and the second layer. The plurality of elongated elements interact with electromagnetic waves of radiation to transmit transverse electric polarization of electromagnetic waves of radiation. One aspect of the invention is, for example, to use such polarizer device in a lithographic projection apparatus to increase imaging resolution. Another aspect is to provide a device manufacturing method including polarizing a beam of radiation in a transverse electric polarization.

Abstract: A radial transverse electric polarizer device is provided. The device includes a first layer of material having a first refractive index, a second layer of material having a second refractive index, and a plurality of elongated elements azimuthally and periodically spaced apart, and disposed between the first layer and the second layer. The plurality of elongated elements interact with electromagnetic waves of radiation to transmit transverse electric polarization of electromagnetic waves of radiation. One aspect of the invention is, for example, to use such polarizer device in a lithographic projection apparatus to increase imaging resolution. Another aspect is to provide a device manufacturing method including polarizing a beam of radiation in a transverse electric polarization.

Abstract: A radial transverse electric polarizer device is provided. The device includes a first layer of material having a first refractive index, a second layer of material having a second refractive index, and a plurality of elongated elements azimuthally and periodically spaced apart, and disposed between the first layer and the second layer. The plurality of elongated elements interact with electromagnetic waves of radiation to transmit transverse electric polarization of electromagnetic waves of radiation. One aspect of the invention is, for example, to use such polarizer device in a lithographic projection apparatus to increase imaging resolution. Another aspect is to provide a device manufacturing method including polarizing a beam of radiation in a transverse electric polarization.

Abstract: The invention relates to uses of glasses and glass-ceramics in dental and orthodontic applications.

Abstract: The invention relates to uses of glasses and glass-ceramics in dental and orthodontic applications.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine compressor has a number of shroud rings, at least a bleed one of which defines a number of bleed ports. A structural hub is downstream of the shroud rings and secured relative to the shroud rings. A structural hub case extends from an aft joint with the structural hub to a fore joint with a joined one of the shroud rings and has a number of valve ports. At least a portion of the structural case extends structurally between the fore and aft joints. A valve element is shiftable between first and second conditions for respectively blocking and not blocking communication through the valve ports.

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing hardenable dental articles, packaged hardenable dental articles, and methods of packaging hardenable dental articles are disclosed. In various embodiments, the manufacturing may involve molding a hardenable dental material in a mold cavity that may be lined with a mold liner. The mold body may also form the package of the hardenable dental article formed within the mold cavity. In other embodiments, the hardenable dental articles may be provided in mold cavities located in sacrificial mold bodies that may be torn, stretched, softened, dissolved, etc. to release the hardenable dental articles in the mold cavities.

Abstract: Dental crown forms and methods of using them are disclosed. The dental crown forms may include one or more of the following features: a handle attached to the dental crown form at a location removed from the base of the dental crown form; a vented handle through which excess amounts of hardenable dental material can pass during placement of the crown form; and one or more lines of weakness that may be separated to remove a dental crown form from hardenable dental material after placement of the filled crown form. The dental crown forms may also be located in packages with hardenable dental material located within the dental crown forms as packaged.