Abstract: Described are chemical-mechanical polishing compositions (e.g., slurries) and methods of using the slurries for chemical-mechanical polishing (or planarizing) a surface of a substrate that contains tungsten, the compositions containing cationic surfactant and cyclodextrin.

Abstract: Described are chemical-mechanical polishing compositions (e.g., slurries) and methods of using the slurries for chemical-mechanical polishing (or planarizing) a surface of a substrate that contains tungsten, the compositions containing cationic surfactant and cyclodextrin.

Abstract: Described are chemical mechanical polishing compositions and methods of using the compositions for planarizing a surface of a substrate that contains tungsten, the compositions containing silica abrasive particles and cationic surfactant.

Abstract: Described are chemical mechanical polishing compositions and methods of using the compositions for planarizing a surface of a substrate that contains tungsten, the compositions containing silica abrasive particles and cationic surfactant.

Abstract: The invention provides a chemical-mechanical polishing composition containing a ceria abrasive, an ionic polymer of formula I: wherein X1 and X2, Z1 and Z2, R1, R2, R3, and R4, and n are as defined herein, a polyhydroxy aromatic compound, a polyvinyl alcohol, and water, wherein the polishing composition has a pH of about 1 to about 4.5. The invention further provides a method of chemically-mechanically polishing a substrate with the inventive chemical-mechanical polishing composition. Typically, the substrate contains silicon oxide, silicon nitride, and/or polysilicon.

Abstract: The invention provides a chemical-mechanical polishing composition containing a ceria abrasive, an ionic polymer of formula I: wherein X1 and X2, Z1 and Z2, R1, R2, R3, and R4, and n are as defined herein, a polyhydroxy aromatic compound, a polyvinyl alcohol, and water, wherein the polishing composition has a pH of about 1 to about 4.5. The invention further provides a method of chemically-mechanically polishing a substrate with the inventive chemical-mechanical polishing composition. Typically, the substrate contains silicon oxide, silicon nitride, and/or polysilicon.

Abstract: The invention provides a chemical-mechanical polishing composition containing a ceria abrasive and a polymer of formula I: wherein X1 and X2, Y1 and Y2, Z1 and Z2, R1, R2, R3, and R4, and m are as defined herein, and water, wherein the polishing composition has a pH of about 1 to about 4.5. The invention further provides a method of chemically-mechanically polishing a substrate with the inventive chemical-mechanical polishing composition. Typically, the substrate contains silicon oxide, silicon nitride, and/or polysilicon.

Abstract: The invention provides a chemical-mechanical polishing composition containing a ceria abrasive and a polymer of formula I: wherein X1 and X2, Y1 and Y2, Z1 and Z2, R1, R2, R3, and R4, and m are as defined herein, and water, wherein the polishing composition has a pH of about 1 to about 4.5. The invention further provides a method of chemically-mechanically polishing a substrate with the inventive chemical-mechanical polishing composition. Typically, the substrate contains silicon oxide, silicon nitride, and/or polysilicon.

Abstract: A high-pressure fixed munition for a low-pressure launching system having a cylindrical body with a centrally located bore is provided. The bore of the munition has a reduced diameter on the charge end in which a primer charge is positioned. The bore is filled above the primer charge with a propellant and above the propellant with a payload. The payload may include multiple buckshot pellets, frangible buckshot pellets, tear gas, multiple slugs, frangible slugs, paint balls, rubber pellets, bean bags, or the like. The munition may also include a pressure disk between the propellant and the payload, and tactile ridges or on the outside surface of the munition body or be of a specific color for purposes of identification of the payload.

Abstract: Conjugation agents of the formula: are described, wherein Sx is —S—, —SO— or —SO2—; Rs is a carbon-containing substituent that does not include a cyano group; each R is a substituent, with at least one R having a reaction site that is not a carboxylic acid; n is 0-5; each A is carbon or nitrogen, with the proviso that no more than three A can be nitrogen; and Sx—Rs is a leaving group. The conjugation agents have good thiol reactivity and selectivity, and good stability with regard to hydrolysis.

Abstract: A process for forming an aryl-aryl bond comprises the step of reacting an arene hydrocarbon compound with either (1) an organic oxidant selected from the group consisting of a quinone, a quinone imine, a quinone diimine, and a nitroarene, or (2) an oxidizing salt selected from the group consisting of a triarylaminium salt, an oxonium salt, and a nitrosium salt, or (3) a hypervalent iodine compound, each in the presence of a Brönsted or Lewis acid.

Abstract: An element for the attachment of protein arrays, the element comprising a surface to which are attached a plurality of piperazine functional groups wherein the piperazine functional groups are represented by Formula I: where R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, are hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylhalo, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkylthio, alkoxy, with the proviso that at least one of R1 to R10 be a non-labile chemical unit that attaches the piperazine functional group to the surface of the element.

Abstract: An ink jet printing method having the steps of: A) providing an ink jet printer that is responsive to digital data signals; B) loading the printer with an ink jet recording element having a support having thereon, in order, a hydrophilic absorbing layer and a polymeric overcoat layer of a derivitized poly(vinyl alcohol) having at least one hydroxyl group replaced by ether or ester groups, the polymeric overcoat layer also containing a sulfurous acid salt and an ammonium salt; C) loading the printer with an ink jet ink; and D) printing on the image-receiving layer using the ink jet ink in response to the digital data signals.

Abstract: An ink jet printing method having the steps of: A) providing an ink jet printer that is responsive to digital data signals; B) loading the printer with an ink jet recording element having a support having thereon, in order, a hydrophilic absorbing layer and a polymeric overcoat layer of a derivitized poly(vinyl alcohol) having at least one hydroxyl group replaced by ether or ester groups, the polymeric overcoat layer also containing a sulfurous acid salt and an ammonium salt; C) loading the printer with an ink jet ink; and D) printing on the image-receiving layer using the ink jet ink in response to the digital data signals.

Abstract: An ink jet recording element comprising a support having thereon, in order, a hydrophilic absorbing layer and a polymeric overcoat layer having a derivitized poly(vinyl alcohol) having at least one hydroxyl group replaced by ether or ester groups, the polymeric overcoat layer also containing a sulfurous acid salt and an ammonium salt.