Abstract: A system for generating an RFPWM signal comprises a delta sigma modulator having a plurality of outputs, a phase-locked loop comprising a plurality of phase quantization outputs, at least one multiplexer having a plurality of signal inputs, a plurality of selector inputs, and at least one output, the signal inputs communicatively connected to the phase quantization outputs of the phase-locked loop and the selector inputs electrically connected to the outputs of the delta sigma modulator, and a driver having an input communicatively connected to the output of the multiplexer and an output generating an RFPWM signal. A method of generating an RFPWM signal is also described.

Abstract: A system and method for suppressing aperture noise resulting from clock jitter associated with a Nyquist analog-to-digital converter (ADC) using self-referred time measurements are provided. The system comprises of a clock, a delay element, a time subtractor, a time-to-digital converter, a filter element, a first digital subtractor, an integrator, a differentiator, and a multiplier. Each of the delay element, time subtractor, time-to-digital converter, filter element, first digital subtractor, integrator, and multiplier is electrically connected in parallel with the ADC, which allows the clock to generate a clock signal that advances into the system and the ADC in order to isolate and suppress the noise aperture associated with the ADC. As such, the architecture of the system is configured to isolate and suppress aperture noise resulting from clock jitter associated with an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to allow the output signal of the system be independent of the aperture noise.

Abstract: A system for generating an RFPWM signal comprises a delta sigma modulator having a plurality of outputs, a phase-locked loop comprising a plurality of phase quantization outputs, at least one multiplexer having a plurality of signal inputs, a plurality of selector inputs, and at least one output, the signal inputs communicatively connected to the phase quantization outputs of the phase-locked loop and the selector inputs electrically connected to the outputs of the delta sigma modulator, and a driver having an input communicatively connected to the output of the multiplexer and an output generating an RFPWM signal. A method of generating an RFPWM signal is also described.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a circuit and method of operation thereof for linearized time amplifier architecture for sub-picosecond resolution. More particularly, the disclosure is directed to an asymmetric edge manipulator whose output is fed to four series of transistors and is operatively coupled to a reset. The disclosure relates to outputting a pair of signals that correspond to a first input and second input of a known and measured clock that may be adjustable with gain to be perceptible to an external device that can then correct for the gain to allow measurement of sub-picosecond resolution.

Abstract: An expandable and contractible shield around a bellows in a valve protects the bellows from corrosive gases and solid particles in the valve chamber. In a manifold valve assembly with multiple outlet ports and multiple valves in a common valve chamber, a respective expandable and contractible shield around each respective bellows of each respective valve in the assembly separates each bellows from corrosive gases and solid particles in the common valve chamber regardless of whether one or all of the valves in the assembly is opened or closed.

Abstract: A valve has a major valve closure member with a valve stem for opening and closing a major port in a valve chamber. An alternate flow path extends through the major valve closing member. Flow is controlled through the alternate flow path by directing a minor valve actuating fluid through the valve stem to apply pressure on a minor valve piston in the major valve closure member to move a minor valve closure member in the major valve closure member between a closed mode in which the minor valve closure member closes the alternate flow path and an opened mode in which the minor valve closure member opens the alternate flow path. The minor valve actuating fluid is sealed from the alternate flow path by a flexible diaphragm positioned between the minor valve actuating fluid and the minor valve piston, so the pressure of the minor valve actuating fluid is applied to the minor valve piston via the flexible diaphragm.

Abstract: A valve has a major valve closure member with a valve stem for opening and closing a major port in a valve chamber. An alternate flow path extends through the major valve closing member. Flow is controlled through the alternate flow path by directing a minor valve actuating fluid through the valve stem to apply pressure on a minor valve piston in the major valve closure member to move a minor valve closure member in the major valve closure member between a closed mode in which the minor valve closure member closes the alternate flow path and an opened mode in which the minor valve closure member opens the alternate flow path. The minor valve actuating fluid is sealed from the alternate flow path by a flexible diaphragm positioned between the minor valve actuating fluid and the minor valve piston, so the pressure of the minor valve actuating fluid is applied to the minor valve piston via the flexible diaphragm.

Abstract: An expandable and contractible shield around a bellows in a valve protects the bellows from corrosive gases and solid particles in the valve chamber. In a manifold valve assembly with multiple outlet ports and multiple valves in a common valve chamber, a respective expandable and contractible shield around each respective bellows of each respective valve in the assembly separates each bellows from corrosive gases and solid particles in the common valve chamber regardless of whether one or all of the valves in the assembly is opened or closed.

Abstract: A two-stage, slow-start valve includes a minor valve assembly inside a major valve closure member of a major valve closure assembly so that fluid can flow through the valve at a higher rate by opening the major valve assembly or at a lower rate by opening the minor valve assembly while the major valve closure assembly is closed in order to allow fluid to flow in an alternate flow path through the major valve closure member. The example minor valve closure assembly has a minor valve closure member that is actuated to open by a minor valve piston on which minor valve actuating fluid is applied to the minor piston via a diaphragm seal positioned between the minor piston and the minor valve actuating fluid. Both the major valve closure assembly and the minor valve closure assembly can be pneumatically actuated to open.

Abstract: A hot trap for removing a reactive constituent gas from a gas stream via chemical reaction and/or thermal disassociation includes a trap chamber with a heater assembly and a trap medium in its core inner portion and annular pre-heating and counterflow heating ducts in its outer and intermediate portions surrounding the core inner portion for heating an inflowing gas stream and conservation of heat energy in the trap as well as to maintain lower temperatures on external surfaces.

Abstract: A hot trap for removing a reactive constituent gas from a gas stream via chemical reaction and/or thermal disassociation includes a trap chamber with a heater assembly and a trap medium in its core inner portion and annular pre-heating and counterflow heating ducts in its outer and intermediate portions surrounding the core inner portion for heating an inflowing gas stream and conservation of heat energy in the trap as well as to maintain lower temperatures on external surfaces.

Abstract: A two-stage, slow-start valve includes a minor valve assembly inside a major valve closure member of a major valve closure assembly so that fluid can flow through the valve at a higher rate by opening the major valve assembly or at a lower rate by opening the minor valve assembly while the major valve closure assembly is closed in order to allow fluid to flow in an alternate flow path through the major valve closure member. The example minor valve closure assembly has a minor valve closure member that is actuated to open by a minor valve piston on which minor valve actuating fluid is applied to the minor piston via a diaphragm seal positioned between the minor piston and the minor valve actuating fluid. Both the major valve closure assembly and the minor valve closure assembly can be pneumatically actuated to open.

Abstract: An isolation valve includes a shield that surrounds and protects the valve closure actuator components from exposure to corrosive fluids that flow through the valve when the valve is open.

Abstract: An isolation valve includes a shield that surrounds and protects the valve closure actuator components from exposure to corrosive fluids that flow through the valve when the valve is open.