Abstract: Hemodialysis and similar dialysis systems including a variety of systems and methods that make hemodialysis more efficient, easier, and/or more affordable, and include new fluid circuits for fluid flow in hemodialysis systems and a reciprocating diaphragm pump for pumping fluids. The reciprocating diaphragm pump includes a flexible diaphragm, a first rigid body having a curved pumping chamber wall, a second rigid body having an opposing curved control chamber wall. The diaphragm is interposed between the pumping chamber wall and the control chamber wall to define a pumping chamber and a control chamber. The diaphragm of the pump has a peripheral bead arranged to locate the diaphragm between the first rigid body and the second rigid body and a diaphragm body having a curved, semi-spheroid or domed shape.

Abstract: A die and method for forming indentations in a grounding rod. The die is a U-shaped die for use in a hydraulic compression tool. The die has an inner face forming a general recess and has a plurality of series of individual tooth-like projections. The die is used to form a plurality of series of individual tooth-like indentations on an exterior surface of the grounding rod such that a connector can be compressed onto the rod with portions of the connector being deformed into the indentations to fixedly connect the connector to the rod.